Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
Monique RYAN (Independent) won Kooyong in 2025 with 58,200 of the 114,868 votes in the final count, beating Amelia HAMER (Liberal) by 1,532 votes (50.7% to 49.3%). Ryan came from behind: Hamer led on first preferences (43.1% to 33.9%) but preferences from excluded candidates put Ryan ahead at count 5.
114,868 formal votes7 candidates5 counts1,532-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 114,868 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, David VADER (Trumpet of Patriots) was excluded; their 1,124 votes were distributed: 437 (38.9%) to Camille BRACHE; 275 (24.5%) to Amelia HAMER; 139 (12.4%) to Richard PEPPARD; 130 (11.6%) to Monique RYAN and 2 more.
On count 2, Richard PEPPARD (Libertarian) was excluded; their 1,614 votes were distributed: 641 (39.7%) to Amelia HAMER; 637 (39.5%) to Camille BRACHE; 147 (9.1%) to Monique RYAN; 98 (6.1%) to Jackie CARTER and 1 more.
On count 3, Camille BRACHE (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 2,275 votes were distributed: 1,650 (72.5%) to Amelia HAMER; 318 (14.0%) to Monique RYAN; 156 (6.9%) to Clive CROSBY; 151 (6.6%) to Jackie CARTER.
On count 4, Jackie CARTER (The Greens) was excluded; their 9,219 votes were distributed: 6,334 (68.7%) to Monique RYAN; 2,189 (23.7%) to Clive CROSBY; 696 (7.5%) to Amelia HAMER.
On count 5, Clive CROSBY (Australian Labor Party) was excluded; their 16,180 votes were distributed: 12,316 (76.1%) to Monique RYAN; 3,864 (23.9%) to Amelia HAMER.
Finally, Monique RYAN (Independent) won with 58,200 votes to 56,668 for Amelia HAMER (Liberal).
Where the preferences went
Kooyong 2025: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
David VADERTrumpet of Patriots
1,124
Camille BRACHE (ON): 437 (38.9%)
Amelia HAMER (LP): 275 (24.5%)
Richard PEPPARD (LTP): 139 (12.4%)
Monique RYAN (IND): 130 (11.6%)
Clive CROSBY (ALP): 73 (6.5%)
Jackie CARTER (GVIC): 70 (6.2%)
2
Richard PEPPARDLibertarian
1,614
Amelia HAMER (LP): 641 (39.7%)
Camille BRACHE (ON): 637 (39.5%)
Monique RYAN (IND): 147 (9.1%)
Jackie CARTER (GVIC): 98 (6.1%)
Clive CROSBY (ALP): 91 (5.6%)
3
Camille BRACHEPauline Hanson's One Nation
2,275
Amelia HAMER (LP): 1,650 (72.5%)
Monique RYAN (IND): 318 (14.0%)
Clive CROSBY (ALP): 156 (6.9%)
Jackie CARTER (GVIC): 151 (6.6%)
4
Jackie CARTERThe Greens
9,219
Monique RYAN (IND): 6,334 (68.7%)
Clive CROSBY (ALP): 2,189 (23.7%)
Amelia HAMER (LP): 696 (7.5%)
5
Clive CROSBYAustralian Labor Party
16,180
Monique RYAN (IND): 12,316 (76.1%)
Amelia HAMER (LP): 3,864 (23.9%)
Votes after every count
Kooyong 2025: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Amelia HAMERLiberal
49,542
49,817
50,458
52,108
52,804
56,668
Monique RYANIndependent · elected
38,955
39,085
39,232
39,550
45,884
58,200
Clive CROSBYAustralian Labor Party
13,671
13,744
13,835
13,991
16,180
–
Jackie CARTERThe Greens
8,900
8,970
9,068
9,219
–
–
Richard PEPPARDLibertarian
1,475
1,614
–
–
–
–
Camille BRACHEPauline Hanson's One Nation
1,201
1,638
2,275
–
–
–
David VADERTrumpet of Patriots
1,124
–
–
–
–
–
2022 Federal election
Monique RYAN (Independent) won Kooyong in 2022 with 54,276 of the 102,517 votes in the final count, beating Josh FRYDENBERG (Liberal) by 6,035 votes (52.9% to 47.1%). Ryan came from behind: Frydenberg led on first preferences (42.7% to 40.3%) but preferences from excluded candidates put Ryan ahead at count 9.
102,517 formal votes11 candidates9 counts6,035-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 102,517 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, David CONNOLLY (Australian Values Party) was excluded; their 152 votes were distributed: 29 (19.1%) to Piers MITCHEM; 28 (18.4%) to Josh FRYDENBERG; 17 (11.2%) to Monique RYAN; 15 (9.9%) to Alexandra THOM and 6 more.
On count 2, Michele DALE (Derryn Hinch's Justice Party) was excluded; their 184 votes were distributed: 35 (19.0%) to Monique RYAN; 35 (19.0%) to Josh FRYDENBERG; 25 (13.6%) to Josh COYNE; 21 (11.4%) to Rachael NEHMER and 5 more.
On count 3, Will ANDERSON (Independent) was excluded; their 284 votes were distributed: 101 (35.6%) to Monique RYAN; 56 (19.7%) to Josh FRYDENBERG; 24 (8.5%) to Peter LYNCH; 23 (8.1%) to Josh COYNE and 4 more.
On count 4, Rachael NEHMER (Animal Justice Party) was excluded; their 551 votes were distributed: 248 (45.0%) to Piers MITCHEM; 131 (23.8%) to Monique RYAN; 52 (9.4%) to Peter LYNCH; 49 (8.9%) to Josh FRYDENBERG and 3 more.
On count 5, Josh COYNE (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 823 votes were distributed: 312 (37.9%) to Scott Andrew HARDIMAN; 271 (32.9%) to Alexandra THOM; 111 (13.5%) to Josh FRYDENBERG; 76 (9.2%) to Monique RYAN and 2 more.
On count 6, Scott Andrew HARDIMAN (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 1,386 votes were distributed: 709 (51.2%) to Alexandra THOM; 297 (21.4%) to Josh FRYDENBERG; 247 (17.8%) to Monique RYAN; 75 (5.4%) to Piers MITCHEM and 1 more.
On count 7, Alexandra THOM (Liberal Democrats) was excluded; their 2,146 votes were distributed: 1,258 (58.6%) to Josh FRYDENBERG; 549 (25.6%) to Monique RYAN; 226 (10.5%) to Peter LYNCH; 113 (5.3%) to Piers MITCHEM.
On count 8, Piers MITCHEM (The Greens) was excluded; their 6,979 votes were distributed: 4,725 (67.7%) to Monique RYAN; 1,693 (24.3%) to Peter LYNCH; 561 (8.0%) to Josh FRYDENBERG.
On count 9, Peter LYNCH (Australian Labor Party) was excluded; their 9,202 votes were distributed: 7,092 (77.1%) to Monique RYAN; 2,110 (22.9%) to Josh FRYDENBERG.
Finally, Monique RYAN (Independent) won with 54,276 votes to 48,241 for Josh FRYDENBERG (Liberal).
Where the preferences went
Kooyong 2022: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
David CONNOLLYAustralian Values Party
152
Piers MITCHEM (GVIC): 29 (19.1%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 28 (18.4%)
Monique RYAN (IND): 17 (11.2%)
Alexandra THOM (LDP): 15 (9.9%)
Josh COYNE (ON): 15 (9.9%)
Scott Andrew HARDIMAN (UAPP): 11 (7.2%)
Rachael NEHMER (AJP): 11 (7.2%)
Peter LYNCH (ALP): 10 (6.6%)
Will ANDERSON (IND): 9 (5.9%)
Michele DALE (DHJP): 7 (4.6%)
2
Michele DALEDerryn Hinch's Justice Party
184
Monique RYAN (IND): 35 (19.0%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 35 (19.0%)
Josh COYNE (ON): 25 (13.6%)
Rachael NEHMER (AJP): 21 (11.4%)
Peter LYNCH (ALP): 20 (10.9%)
Alexandra THOM (LDP): 18 (9.8%)
Scott Andrew HARDIMAN (UAPP): 11 (6.0%)
Will ANDERSON (IND): 10 (5.4%)
Piers MITCHEM (GVIC): 9 (4.9%)
3
Will ANDERSONIndependent
284
Monique RYAN (IND): 101 (35.6%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 56 (19.7%)
Peter LYNCH (ALP): 24 (8.5%)
Josh COYNE (ON): 23 (8.1%)
Alexandra THOM (LDP): 22 (7.7%)
Scott Andrew HARDIMAN (UAPP): 20 (7.0%)
Piers MITCHEM (GVIC): 19 (6.7%)
Rachael NEHMER (AJP): 19 (6.7%)
4
Rachael NEHMERAnimal Justice Party
551
Piers MITCHEM (GVIC): 248 (45.0%)
Monique RYAN (IND): 131 (23.8%)
Peter LYNCH (ALP): 52 (9.4%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 49 (8.9%)
Alexandra THOM (LDP): 31 (5.6%)
Scott Andrew HARDIMAN (UAPP): 21 (3.8%)
Josh COYNE (ON): 19 (3.4%)
5
Josh COYNEPauline Hanson's One Nation
823
Scott Andrew HARDIMAN (UAPP): 312 (37.9%)
Alexandra THOM (LDP): 271 (32.9%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 111 (13.5%)
Monique RYAN (IND): 76 (9.2%)
Peter LYNCH (ALP): 28 (3.4%)
Piers MITCHEM (GVIC): 25 (3.0%)
6
Scott Andrew HARDIMANUnited Australia Party
1,386
Alexandra THOM (LDP): 709 (51.2%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 297 (21.4%)
Monique RYAN (IND): 247 (17.8%)
Piers MITCHEM (GVIC): 75 (5.4%)
Peter LYNCH (ALP): 58 (4.2%)
7
Alexandra THOMLiberal Democrats
2,146
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 1,258 (58.6%)
Monique RYAN (IND): 549 (25.6%)
Peter LYNCH (ALP): 226 (10.5%)
Piers MITCHEM (GVIC): 113 (5.3%)
8
Piers MITCHEMThe Greens
6,979
Monique RYAN (IND): 4,725 (67.7%)
Peter LYNCH (ALP): 1,693 (24.3%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 561 (8.0%)
9
Peter LYNCHAustralian Labor Party
9,202
Monique RYAN (IND): 7,092 (77.1%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 2,110 (22.9%)
Votes after every count
Kooyong 2022: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Count 7
Count 8
Count 9
Josh FRYDENBERGLiberal
43,736
43,764
43,799
43,855
43,904
44,015
44,312
45,570
46,131
48,241
Monique RYANIndependent · elected
41,303
41,320
41,355
41,456
41,587
41,663
41,910
42,459
47,184
54,276
Peter LYNCHAustralian Labor Party
7,091
7,101
7,121
7,145
7,197
7,225
7,283
7,509
9,202
–
Piers MITCHEMThe Greens
6,461
6,490
6,499
6,518
6,766
6,791
6,866
6,979
–
–
Alexandra THOMLiberal Democrats
1,080
1,095
1,113
1,135
1,166
1,437
2,146
–
–
–
Scott Andrew HARDIMANUnited Australia Party
1,011
1,022
1,033
1,053
1,074
1,386
–
–
–
–
Josh COYNEPauline Hanson's One Nation
741
756
781
804
823
–
–
–
–
–
Rachael NEHMERAnimal Justice Party
500
511
532
551
–
–
–
–
–
–
Will ANDERSONIndependent
265
274
284
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Michele DALEDerryn Hinch's Justice Party
177
184
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
David CONNOLLYAustralian Values Party
152
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2019 Federal election
Josh FRYDENBERG (Liberal) won Kooyong in 2019 with 55,159 of the 99,029 votes in the final count, beating Julian BURNSIDE (The Greens (VIC)) by 11,289 votes (55.7% to 44.3%). Frydenberg led on first preferences with 49.4% of 99,029 formal votes and passed the 49,515-vote majority at count 4.
99,029 formal votes8 candidates6 counts11,289-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 99,029 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Angelina ZUBAC (Independent) was excluded; their 539 votes were distributed: 169 (31.4%) to Oliver YATES; 89 (16.5%) to Bill CHANDLER; 79 (14.7%) to Josh FRYDENBERG; 75 (13.9%) to Jana STEWART and 3 more.
On count 2, Bill CHANDLER (Independent) was excluded; their 758 votes were distributed: 353 (46.6%) to Oliver YATES; 193 (25.5%) to Julian BURNSIDE; 78 (10.3%) to Josh FRYDENBERG; 70 (9.2%) to Jana STEWART and 2 more.
On count 3, Davina HINKLEY (Animal Justice Party) was excluded; their 1,189 votes were distributed: 615 (51.7%) to Julian BURNSIDE; 190 (16.0%) to Oliver YATES; 163 (13.7%) to Josh FRYDENBERG; 156 (13.1%) to Jana STEWART and 1 more.
On count 4, Steven D'ELIA (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 1,301 votes were distributed: 626 (48.1%) to Josh FRYDENBERG; 476 (36.6%) to Oliver YATES; 111 (8.5%) to Jana STEWART; 88 (6.8%) to Julian BURNSIDE.
On count 5, Oliver YATES (Independent) was excluded; their 10,078 votes were distributed: 5,886 (58.4%) to Julian BURNSIDE; 2,310 (22.9%) to Jana STEWART; 1,882 (18.7%) to Josh FRYDENBERG.
On count 6, Jana STEWART (Australian Labor Party) was excluded; their 19,388 votes were distributed: 15,985 (82.4%) to Julian BURNSIDE; 3,403 (17.6%) to Josh FRYDENBERG.
Finally, Josh FRYDENBERG (Liberal) won with 55,159 votes to 43,870 for Julian BURNSIDE (The Greens (VIC)).
Where the preferences went
Kooyong 2019: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Angelina ZUBACIndependent
539
Oliver YATES (IND): 169 (31.4%)
Bill CHANDLER (IND): 89 (16.5%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 79 (14.7%)
Jana STEWART (ALP): 75 (13.9%)
Julian BURNSIDE (GVIC): 68 (12.6%)
Davina HINKLEY (AJP): 31 (5.8%)
Steven D'ELIA (UAPP): 28 (5.2%)
2
Bill CHANDLERIndependent
758
Oliver YATES (IND): 353 (46.6%)
Julian BURNSIDE (GVIC): 193 (25.5%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 78 (10.3%)
Jana STEWART (ALP): 70 (9.2%)
Davina HINKLEY (AJP): 41 (5.4%)
Steven D'ELIA (UAPP): 23 (3.0%)
3
Davina HINKLEYAnimal Justice Party
1,189
Julian BURNSIDE (GVIC): 615 (51.7%)
Oliver YATES (IND): 190 (16.0%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 163 (13.7%)
Jana STEWART (ALP): 156 (13.1%)
Steven D'ELIA (UAPP): 65 (5.5%)
4
Steven D'ELIAUnited Australia Party
1,301
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 626 (48.1%)
Oliver YATES (IND): 476 (36.6%)
Jana STEWART (ALP): 111 (8.5%)
Julian BURNSIDE (GVIC): 88 (6.8%)
5
Oliver YATESIndependent
10,078
Julian BURNSIDE (GVIC): 5,886 (58.4%)
Jana STEWART (ALP): 2,310 (22.9%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 1,882 (18.7%)
6
Jana STEWARTAustralian Labor Party
19,388
Julian BURNSIDE (GVIC): 15,985 (82.4%)
Josh FRYDENBERG (LP): 3,403 (17.6%)
Votes after every count
Kooyong 2019: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Josh FRYDENBERGLiberal · elected
48,928
49,007
49,085
49,248
49,874
51,756
55,159
Julian BURNSIDEThe Greens (VIC)
21,035
21,103
21,296
21,911
21,999
27,885
43,870
Jana STEWARTAustralian Labor Party
16,666
16,741
16,811
16,967
17,078
19,388
–
Oliver YATESIndependent
8,890
9,059
9,412
9,602
10,078
–
–
Steven D'ELIAUnited Australia Party
1,185
1,213
1,236
1,301
–
–
–
Davina HINKLEYAnimal Justice Party
1,117
1,148
1,189
–
–
–
–
Bill CHANDLERIndependent
669
758
–
–
–
–
–
Angelina ZUBACIndependent
539
–
–
–
–
–
–
About this page
Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
