Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
Tom VENNING (Liberal) won Grey in 2025 with 58,402 of the 106,881 votes in the final count, beating Karin BOLTON (Australian Labor Party) by 9,923 votes (54.6% to 45.4%). Venning led on first preferences with 34.9% of 106,881 formal votes and passed the 53,441-vote majority at count 6.
106,881 formal votes8 candidates6 counts9,923-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 106,881 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Laury Hendrik BAIS (Trumpet of Patriots) was excluded; their 2,677 votes were distributed: 1,057 (39.5%) to Brandon TURTON; 435 (16.2%) to Anita KUSS; 432 (16.1%) to Tom VENNING; 295 (11.0%) to Kylie EVANS and 3 more.
On count 2, Peter BORDA (National Party) was excluded; their 3,416 votes were distributed: 1,169 (34.2%) to Brandon TURTON; 655 (19.2%) to Tom VENNING; 629 (18.4%) to Karin BOLTON; 485 (14.2%) to Anita KUSS and 2 more.
On count 3, Kylie EVANS (Family First) was excluded; their 4,489 votes were distributed: 1,755 (39.1%) to Brandon TURTON; 961 (21.4%) to Anita KUSS; 677 (15.1%) to Tom VENNING; 562 (12.5%) to Karin BOLTON and 1 more.
On count 4, Kathryn HARDWICK-FRANCO (The Greens) was excluded; their 7,179 votes were distributed: 3,086 (43.0%) to Karin BOLTON; 2,535 (35.3%) to Anita KUSS; 818 (11.4%) to Brandon TURTON; 740 (10.3%) to Tom VENNING.
On count 5, Brandon TURTON (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 15,451 votes were distributed: 6,300 (40.8%) to Anita KUSS; 5,898 (38.2%) to Tom VENNING; 3,253 (21.1%) to Karin BOLTON.
On count 6, Anita KUSS (Independent) was excluded; their 29,461 votes were distributed: 16,748 (56.8%) to Karin BOLTON; 12,713 (43.2%) to Tom VENNING.
Finally, Tom VENNING (Liberal) won with 58,402 votes to 48,479 for Karin BOLTON (Australian Labor Party).
Where the preferences went
Grey 2025: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Laury Hendrik BAISTrumpet of Patriots
2,677
Brandon TURTON (ON): 1,057 (39.5%)
Anita KUSS (IND): 435 (16.2%)
Tom VENNING (LP): 432 (16.1%)
Kylie EVANS (FFPA): 295 (11.0%)
Kathryn HARDWICK-FRANCO (GRN): 182 (6.8%)
Karin BOLTON (ALP): 148 (5.5%)
Peter BORDA (NP): 128 (4.8%)
2
Peter BORDANational Party
3,416
Brandon TURTON (ON): 1,169 (34.2%)
Tom VENNING (LP): 655 (19.2%)
Karin BOLTON (ALP): 629 (18.4%)
Anita KUSS (IND): 485 (14.2%)
Kylie EVANS (FFPA): 338 (9.9%)
Kathryn HARDWICK-FRANCO (GRN): 140 (4.1%)
3
Kylie EVANSFamily First
4,489
Brandon TURTON (ON): 1,755 (39.1%)
Anita KUSS (IND): 961 (21.4%)
Tom VENNING (LP): 677 (15.1%)
Karin BOLTON (ALP): 562 (12.5%)
Kathryn HARDWICK-FRANCO (GRN): 534 (11.9%)
4
Kathryn HARDWICK-FRANCOThe Greens
7,179
Karin BOLTON (ALP): 3,086 (43.0%)
Anita KUSS (IND): 2,535 (35.3%)
Brandon TURTON (ON): 818 (11.4%)
Tom VENNING (LP): 740 (10.3%)
5
Brandon TURTONPauline Hanson's One Nation
15,451
Anita KUSS (IND): 6,300 (40.8%)
Tom VENNING (LP): 5,898 (38.2%)
Karin BOLTON (ALP): 3,253 (21.1%)
6
Anita KUSSIndependent
29,461
Karin BOLTON (ALP): 16,748 (56.8%)
Tom VENNING (LP): 12,713 (43.2%)
Votes after every count
Grey 2025: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Tom VENNINGLiberal · elected
37,287
37,719
38,374
39,051
39,791
45,689
58,402
Karin BOLTONAustralian Labor Party
24,053
24,201
24,830
25,392
28,478
31,731
48,479
Anita KUSSIndependent
18,745
19,180
19,665
20,626
23,161
29,461
–
Brandon TURTONPauline Hanson's One Nation
10,652
11,709
12,878
14,633
15,451
–
–
Kathryn HARDWICK-FRANCOThe Greens
6,323
6,505
6,645
7,179
–
–
–
Kylie EVANSFamily First
3,856
4,151
4,489
–
–
–
–
Peter BORDANational Party
3,288
3,416
–
–
–
–
–
Laury Hendrik BAISTrumpet of Patriots
2,677
–
–
–
–
–
–
2022 Federal election
Rowan RAMSEY (Liberal) won Grey in 2022 with 61,938 of the 103,118 votes in the final count, beating Julie WATSON (Australian Labor Party) by 20,758 votes (60.1% to 39.9%). Ramsey led on first preferences with 45.3% of 103,118 formal votes and passed the 51,560-vote majority at count 6.
103,118 formal votes9 candidates7 counts20,758-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 103,118 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Tracey DEMPSEY (Australian Federation Party) was excluded; their 721 votes were distributed: 164 (22.7%) to Kerry Ann WHITE; 119 (16.5%) to Suzanne WATERS; 95 (13.2%) to Richard CARMODY; 91 (12.6%) to Peter MILLER and 4 more.
On count 2, Richard CARMODY (Independent) was excluded; their 1,427 votes were distributed: 605 (42.4%) to Liz HABERMANN; 232 (16.3%) to Rowan RAMSEY; 183 (12.8%) to Kerry Ann WHITE; 148 (10.4%) to Tim WHITE and 3 more.
On count 3, Peter MILLER (Liberal Democrats) was excluded; their 1,560 votes were distributed: 459 (29.4%) to Rowan RAMSEY; 281 (18.0%) to Kerry Ann WHITE; 271 (17.4%) to Suzanne WATERS; 185 (11.9%) to Tim WHITE and 2 more.
On count 4, Suzanne WATERS (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 6,245 votes were distributed: 3,115 (49.9%) to Kerry Ann WHITE; 1,032 (16.5%) to Liz HABERMANN; 821 (13.1%) to Rowan RAMSEY; 739 (11.8%) to Tim WHITE and 1 more.
On count 5, Tim WHITE (The Greens) was excluded; their 8,123 votes were distributed: 3,495 (43.0%) to Liz HABERMANN; 3,039 (37.4%) to Julie WATSON; 938 (11.5%) to Rowan RAMSEY; 651 (8.0%) to Kerry Ann WHITE.
On count 6, Kerry Ann WHITE (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 10,846 votes were distributed: 5,575 (51.4%) to Liz HABERMANN; 3,481 (32.1%) to Rowan RAMSEY; 1,790 (16.5%) to Julie WATSON.
On count 7, Liz HABERMANN (Independent) was excluded; their 22,574 votes were distributed: 13,365 (59.2%) to Julie WATSON; 9,209 (40.8%) to Rowan RAMSEY.
Finally, Rowan RAMSEY (Liberal) won with 61,938 votes to 41,180 for Julie WATSON (Australian Labor Party).
Where the preferences went
Grey 2022: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Tracey DEMPSEYAustralian Federation Party
721
Kerry Ann WHITE (ON): 164 (22.7%)
Suzanne WATERS (UAPP): 119 (16.5%)
Richard CARMODY (IND): 95 (13.2%)
Peter MILLER (LDP): 91 (12.6%)
Liz HABERMANN (IND): 75 (10.4%)
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 68 (9.4%)
Tim WHITE (GRN): 57 (7.9%)
Julie WATSON (ALP): 52 (7.2%)
2
Richard CARMODYIndependent
1,427
Liz HABERMANN (IND): 605 (42.4%)
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 232 (16.3%)
Kerry Ann WHITE (ON): 183 (12.8%)
Tim WHITE (GRN): 148 (10.4%)
Julie WATSON (ALP): 143 (10.0%)
Suzanne WATERS (UAPP): 74 (5.2%)
Peter MILLER (LDP): 42 (2.9%)
3
Peter MILLERLiberal Democrats
1,560
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 459 (29.4%)
Kerry Ann WHITE (ON): 281 (18.0%)
Suzanne WATERS (UAPP): 271 (17.4%)
Tim WHITE (GRN): 185 (11.9%)
Julie WATSON (ALP): 185 (11.9%)
Liz HABERMANN (IND): 179 (11.5%)
4
Suzanne WATERSUnited Australia Party
6,245
Kerry Ann WHITE (ON): 3,115 (49.9%)
Liz HABERMANN (IND): 1,032 (16.5%)
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 821 (13.1%)
Tim WHITE (GRN): 739 (11.8%)
Julie WATSON (ALP): 538 (8.6%)
5
Tim WHITEThe Greens
8,123
Liz HABERMANN (IND): 3,495 (43.0%)
Julie WATSON (ALP): 3,039 (37.4%)
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 938 (11.5%)
Kerry Ann WHITE (ON): 651 (8.0%)
6
Kerry Ann WHITEPauline Hanson's One Nation
10,846
Liz HABERMANN (IND): 5,575 (51.4%)
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 3,481 (32.1%)
Julie WATSON (ALP): 1,790 (16.5%)
7
Liz HABERMANNIndependent
22,574
Julie WATSON (ALP): 13,365 (59.2%)
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 9,209 (40.8%)
Votes after every count
Grey 2022: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Count 7
Rowan RAMSEYLiberal · elected
46,730
46,798
47,030
47,489
48,310
49,248
52,729
61,938
Julie WATSONAustralian Labor Party
22,068
22,120
22,263
22,448
22,986
26,025
27,815
41,180
Liz HABERMANNIndependent
11,613
11,688
12,293
12,472
13,504
16,999
22,574
–
Tim WHITEThe Greens
6,994
7,051
7,199
7,384
8,123
–
–
–
Kerry Ann WHITEPauline Hanson's One Nation
6,452
6,616
6,799
7,080
10,195
10,846
–
–
Suzanne WATERSUnited Australia Party
5,781
5,900
5,974
6,245
–
–
–
–
Peter MILLERLiberal Democrats
1,427
1,518
1,560
–
–
–
–
–
Richard CARMODYIndependent
1,332
1,427
–
–
–
–
–
–
Tracey DEMPSEYAustralian Federation Party
721
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2019 Federal election
Rowan RAMSEY (Liberal) won Grey in 2019 with 65,504 of the 103,447 votes in the final count, beating Karin BOLTON (Australian Labor Party) by 27,561 votes (63.3% to 36.7%). Ramsey won on first preferences, with 50.6% of 103,447 formal votes (more than half: 51,724 needed).
103,447 formal votes8 candidates6 counts27,561-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 103,447 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Richard CARMODY (Independent) was excluded; their 1,797 votes were distributed: 331 (18.4%) to David STONE; 304 (16.9%) to Rowan RAMSEY; 271 (15.1%) to Karin BOLTON; 246 (13.7%) to Alexander David WARREN and 3 more.
On count 2, Jacqui EDGECOMBE (Animal Justice Party) was excluded; their 2,900 votes were distributed: 1,011 (34.9%) to Karin BOLTON; 661 (22.8%) to Candace CHAMPION; 573 (19.8%) to David STONE; 230 (7.9%) to Rowan RAMSEY and 2 more.
On count 3, Alexander David WARREN (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 4,333 votes were distributed: 1,786 (41.2%) to David STONE; 1,300 (30.0%) to Rowan RAMSEY; 527 (12.2%) to Karin BOLTON; 410 (9.5%) to Andrea BROADFOOT and 1 more.
On count 4, Candace CHAMPION (The Greens) was excluded; their 5,948 votes were distributed: 2,535 (42.6%) to Karin BOLTON; 1,674 (28.1%) to Andrea BROADFOOT; 1,002 (16.8%) to Rowan RAMSEY; 737 (12.4%) to David STONE.
On count 5, Andrea BROADFOOT (Centre Alliance) was excluded; their 7,846 votes were distributed: 3,522 (44.9%) to Karin BOLTON; 2,492 (31.8%) to Rowan RAMSEY; 1,832 (23.3%) to David STONE.
On count 6, David STONE (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 14,249 votes were distributed: 7,784 (54.6%) to Rowan RAMSEY; 6,465 (45.4%) to Karin BOLTON.
Finally, Rowan RAMSEY (Liberal) won with 65,504 votes to 37,943 for Karin BOLTON (Australian Labor Party).
Where the preferences went
Grey 2019: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Richard CARMODYIndependent
1,797
David STONE (ON): 331 (18.4%)
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 304 (16.9%)
Karin BOLTON (ALP): 271 (15.1%)
Alexander David WARREN (UAPP): 246 (13.7%)
Jacqui EDGECOMBE (AJP): 219 (12.2%)
Candace CHAMPION (GRN): 217 (12.1%)
Andrea BROADFOOT (XEN): 209 (11.6%)
2
Jacqui EDGECOMBEAnimal Justice Party
2,900
Karin BOLTON (ALP): 1,011 (34.9%)
Candace CHAMPION (GRN): 661 (22.8%)
David STONE (ON): 573 (19.8%)
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 230 (7.9%)
Andrea BROADFOOT (XEN): 229 (7.9%)
Alexander David WARREN (UAPP): 196 (6.8%)
3
Alexander David WARRENUnited Australia Party
4,333
David STONE (ON): 1,786 (41.2%)
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 1,300 (30.0%)
Karin BOLTON (ALP): 527 (12.2%)
Andrea BROADFOOT (XEN): 410 (9.5%)
Candace CHAMPION (GRN): 310 (7.2%)
4
Candace CHAMPIONThe Greens
5,948
Karin BOLTON (ALP): 2,535 (42.6%)
Andrea BROADFOOT (XEN): 1,674 (28.1%)
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 1,002 (16.8%)
David STONE (ON): 737 (12.4%)
5
Andrea BROADFOOTCentre Alliance
7,846
Karin BOLTON (ALP): 3,522 (44.9%)
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 2,492 (31.8%)
David STONE (ON): 1,832 (23.3%)
6
David STONEPauline Hanson's One Nation
14,249
Rowan RAMSEY (LP): 7,784 (54.6%)
Karin BOLTON (ALP): 6,465 (45.4%)
Votes after every count
Grey 2019: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Rowan RAMSEYLiberal · elected
52,392
52,696
52,926
54,226
55,228
57,720
65,504
Karin BOLTONAustralian Labor Party
23,612
23,883
24,894
25,421
27,956
31,478
37,943
David STONEPauline Hanson's One Nation
8,990
9,321
9,894
11,680
12,417
14,249
–
Andrea BROADFOOTCentre Alliance
5,324
5,533
5,762
6,172
7,846
–
–
Candace CHAMPIONThe Greens
4,760
4,977
5,638
5,948
–
–
–
Alexander David WARRENUnited Australia Party
3,891
4,137
4,333
–
–
–
–
Jacqui EDGECOMBEAnimal Justice Party
2,681
2,900
–
–
–
–
–
Richard CARMODYIndependent
1,797
–
–
–
–
–
–
About this page
Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
