Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
Sam LIM (Australian Labor Party) won Tangney in 2025 with 63,253 of the 110,991 votes in the final count, beating Howard ONG (Liberal) by 15,515 votes (57.0% to 43.0%). Lim led on first preferences with 42.5% of 110,991 formal votes and passed the 55,496-vote majority at count 4.
110,991 formal votes6 candidates4 counts15,515-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 110,991 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Phillip Raymond LESLIE (Legalise Cannabis Party) was excluded; their 3,400 votes were distributed: 1,178 (34.6%) to Eric HAYWARD; 823 (24.2%) to Sam LIM; 628 (18.5%) to Steve KEFALINOS; 539 (15.9%) to Howard ONG and 1 more.
On count 2, James RAI (Australian Christians) was excluded; their 3,691 votes were distributed: 1,635 (44.3%) to Howard ONG; 1,027 (27.8%) to Steve KEFALINOS; 664 (18.0%) to Sam LIM; 365 (9.9%) to Eric HAYWARD.
On count 3, Steve KEFALINOS (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 6,175 votes were distributed: 3,943 (63.9%) to Howard ONG; 1,337 (21.7%) to Eric HAYWARD; 895 (14.5%) to Sam LIM.
On count 4, Eric HAYWARD (The Greens (WA) Inc) was excluded; their 17,290 votes were distributed: 13,696 (79.2%) to Sam LIM; 3,594 (20.8%) to Howard ONG.
Finally, Sam LIM (Australian Labor Party) won with 63,253 votes to 47,738 for Howard ONG (Liberal).
Where the preferences went
Tangney 2025: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Phillip Raymond LESLIELegalise Cannabis Party
3,400
Eric HAYWARD (GRN): 1,178 (34.6%)
Sam LIM (ALP): 823 (24.2%)
Steve KEFALINOS (ON): 628 (18.5%)
Howard ONG (LP): 539 (15.9%)
James RAI (AUC): 232 (6.8%)
2
James RAIAustralian Christians
3,691
Howard ONG (LP): 1,635 (44.3%)
Steve KEFALINOS (ON): 1,027 (27.8%)
Sam LIM (ALP): 664 (18.0%)
Eric HAYWARD (GRN): 365 (9.9%)
3
Steve KEFALINOSPauline Hanson's One Nation
6,175
Howard ONG (LP): 3,943 (63.9%)
Eric HAYWARD (GRN): 1,337 (21.7%)
Sam LIM (ALP): 895 (14.5%)
4
Eric HAYWARDThe Greens (WA) Inc
17,290
Sam LIM (ALP): 13,696 (79.2%)
Howard ONG (LP): 3,594 (20.8%)
Votes after every count
Tangney 2025: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Sam LIMAustralian Labor Party · elected
47,175
47,998
48,662
49,557
63,253
Howard ONGLiberal
38,027
38,566
40,201
44,144
47,738
Eric HAYWARDThe Greens (WA) Inc
14,410
15,588
15,953
17,290
–
Steve KEFALINOSPauline Hanson's One Nation
4,520
5,148
6,175
–
–
James RAIAustralian Christians
3,459
3,691
–
–
–
Phillip Raymond LESLIELegalise Cannabis Party
3,400
–
–
–
–
2022 Federal election
Sam LIM (Australian Labor Party) won Tangney in 2022 with 56,331 of the 107,548 votes in the final count, beating Ben MORTON (Liberal) by 5,114 votes (52.4% to 47.6%). Lim came from behind: Morton led on first preferences (40.0% to 38.1%) but preferences from excluded candidates put Lim ahead at count 7.
107,548 formal votes9 candidates7 counts5,114-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 107,548 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Brent FOWLER (Australian Federation Party) was excluded; their 1,028 votes were distributed: 212 (20.6%) to Jacqueline HOLROYD; 185 (18.0%) to Tshung-Hui CHANG; 129 (12.5%) to Jay Dean GILLETT; 125 (12.2%) to Travis Llewellyn MARK and 4 more.
On count 2, Jacqueline HOLROYD (Liberal Democrats) was excluded; their 1,322 votes were distributed: 336 (25.4%) to Ben MORTON; 249 (18.8%) to Tshung-Hui CHANG; 231 (17.5%) to Travis Llewellyn MARK; 162 (12.3%) to Adam ABDUL RAZAK and 3 more.
On count 3, Travis Llewellyn MARK (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 2,077 votes were distributed: 1,146 (55.2%) to Tshung-Hui CHANG; 254 (12.2%) to Jay Dean GILLETT; 216 (10.4%) to Ben MORTON; 199 (9.6%) to Mark STAER and 2 more.
On count 4, Jay Dean GILLETT (WESTERN AUSTRALIA PARTY) was excluded; their 2,634 votes were distributed: 665 (25.2%) to Sam LIM; 594 (22.6%) to Ben MORTON; 568 (21.6%) to Tshung-Hui CHANG; 477 (18.1%) to Adam ABDUL RAZAK and 1 more.
On count 5, Mark STAER (Australian Christians) was excluded; their 3,204 votes were distributed: 1,545 (48.2%) to Ben MORTON; 953 (29.7%) to Tshung-Hui CHANG; 445 (13.9%) to Sam LIM; 261 (8.1%) to Adam ABDUL RAZAK.
On count 6, Tshung-Hui CHANG (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 5,389 votes were distributed: 2,572 (47.7%) to Ben MORTON; 1,531 (28.4%) to Adam ABDUL RAZAK; 1,286 (23.9%) to Sam LIM.
On count 7, Adam ABDUL RAZAK (The Greens (WA)) was excluded; their 15,522 votes were distributed: 12,677 (81.7%) to Sam LIM; 2,845 (18.3%) to Ben MORTON.
Finally, Sam LIM (Australian Labor Party) won with 56,331 votes to 51,217 for Ben MORTON (Liberal).
Where the preferences went
Tangney 2022: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Brent FOWLERAustralian Federation Party
1,028
Jacqueline HOLROYD (LDP): 212 (20.6%)
Tshung-Hui CHANG (ON): 185 (18.0%)
Jay Dean GILLETT (WAP): 129 (12.5%)
Travis Llewellyn MARK (UAPP): 125 (12.2%)
Mark STAER (AUC): 114 (11.1%)
Ben MORTON (LP): 101 (9.8%)
Sam LIM (ALP): 83 (8.1%)
Adam ABDUL RAZAK (GRN): 79 (7.7%)
2
Jacqueline HOLROYDLiberal Democrats
1,322
Ben MORTON (LP): 336 (25.4%)
Tshung-Hui CHANG (ON): 249 (18.8%)
Travis Llewellyn MARK (UAPP): 231 (17.5%)
Adam ABDUL RAZAK (GRN): 162 (12.3%)
Jay Dean GILLETT (WAP): 155 (11.7%)
Sam LIM (ALP): 109 (8.2%)
Mark STAER (AUC): 80 (6.1%)
3
Travis Llewellyn MARKUnited Australia Party
2,077
Tshung-Hui CHANG (ON): 1,146 (55.2%)
Jay Dean GILLETT (WAP): 254 (12.2%)
Ben MORTON (LP): 216 (10.4%)
Mark STAER (AUC): 199 (9.6%)
Adam ABDUL RAZAK (GRN): 136 (6.5%)
Sam LIM (ALP): 126 (6.1%)
4
Jay Dean GILLETTWESTERN AUSTRALIA PARTY
2,634
Sam LIM (ALP): 665 (25.2%)
Ben MORTON (LP): 594 (22.6%)
Tshung-Hui CHANG (ON): 568 (21.6%)
Adam ABDUL RAZAK (GRN): 477 (18.1%)
Mark STAER (AUC): 330 (12.5%)
5
Mark STAERAustralian Christians
3,204
Ben MORTON (LP): 1,545 (48.2%)
Tshung-Hui CHANG (ON): 953 (29.7%)
Sam LIM (ALP): 445 (13.9%)
Adam ABDUL RAZAK (GRN): 261 (8.1%)
6
Tshung-Hui CHANGPauline Hanson's One Nation
5,389
Ben MORTON (LP): 2,572 (47.7%)
Adam ABDUL RAZAK (GRN): 1,531 (28.4%)
Sam LIM (ALP): 1,286 (23.9%)
7
Adam ABDUL RAZAKThe Greens (WA)
15,522
Sam LIM (ALP): 12,677 (81.7%)
Ben MORTON (LP): 2,845 (18.3%)
Votes after every count
Tangney 2022: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Count 7
Ben MORTONLiberal
43,008
43,109
43,445
43,661
44,255
45,800
48,372
51,217
Sam LIMAustralian Labor Party · elected
40,940
41,023
41,132
41,258
41,923
42,368
43,654
56,331
Adam ABDUL RAZAKThe Greens (WA)
12,876
12,955
13,117
13,253
13,730
13,991
15,522
–
Mark STAERAustralian Christians
2,481
2,595
2,675
2,874
3,204
–
–
–
Tshung-Hui CHANGPauline Hanson's One Nation
2,288
2,473
2,722
3,868
4,436
5,389
–
–
Jay Dean GILLETTWESTERN AUSTRALIA PARTY
2,096
2,225
2,380
2,634
–
–
–
–
Travis Llewellyn MARKUnited Australia Party
1,721
1,846
2,077
–
–
–
–
–
Jacqueline HOLROYDLiberal Democrats
1,110
1,322
–
–
–
–
–
–
Brent FOWLERAustralian Federation Party
1,028
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2019 Federal election
Ben MORTON (Liberal) won Tangney in 2019 with 51,275 of the 83,419 votes in the final count, beating Marion BOSWELL (Australian Labor Party) by 19,131 votes (61.5% to 38.5%). Morton won on first preferences, with 53.6% of 83,419 formal votes (more than half: 41,710 needed).
83,419 formal votes9 candidates7 counts19,131-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 83,419 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Paul Stephen WADDY (Independent) was excluded; their 307 votes were distributed: 139 (45.3%) to Jillian HORTON; 36 (11.7%) to Martin SPENCER; 32 (10.4%) to Ben MORTON; 28 (9.1%) to Gavin WAUGH and 4 more.
On count 2, Chris FERNANDEZ (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 982 votes were distributed: 343 (34.9%) to Ben MORTON; 252 (25.7%) to Scott Rodney RAFFERTY; 157 (16.0%) to Gavin WAUGH; 72 (7.3%) to Martin SPENCER and 3 more.
On count 3, Gavin WAUGH (WESTERN AUSTRALIA PARTY) was excluded; their 1,265 votes were distributed: 346 (27.4%) to Ben MORTON; 294 (23.2%) to Jillian HORTON; 224 (17.7%) to Martin SPENCER; 212 (16.8%) to Marion BOSWELL and 2 more.
On count 4, Mark STAER (Australian Christians) was excluded; their 1,822 votes were distributed: 1,187 (65.1%) to Ben MORTON; 223 (12.2%) to Jillian HORTON; 145 (8.0%) to Martin SPENCER; 138 (7.6%) to Scott Rodney RAFFERTY and 1 more.
On count 5, Scott Rodney RAFFERTY (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 2,243 votes were distributed: 952 (42.4%) to Ben MORTON; 661 (29.5%) to Jillian HORTON; 383 (17.1%) to Marion BOSWELL; 247 (11.0%) to Martin SPENCER.
On count 6, Jillian HORTON (Independent) was excluded; their 3,312 votes were distributed: 1,271 (38.4%) to Martin SPENCER; 1,032 (31.2%) to Ben MORTON; 1,009 (30.5%) to Marion BOSWELL.
On count 7, Martin SPENCER (The Greens (WA)) was excluded; their 11,314 votes were distributed: 8,671 (76.6%) to Marion BOSWELL; 2,643 (23.4%) to Ben MORTON.
Finally, Ben MORTON (Liberal) won with 51,275 votes to 32,144 for Marion BOSWELL (Australian Labor Party).
Where the preferences went
Tangney 2019: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Paul Stephen WADDYIndependent
307
Jillian HORTON (IND): 139 (45.3%)
Martin SPENCER (GRN): 36 (11.7%)
Ben MORTON (LP): 32 (10.4%)
Gavin WAUGH (WAP): 28 (9.1%)
Marion BOSWELL (ALP): 28 (9.1%)
Mark STAER (AUC): 20 (6.5%)
Chris FERNANDEZ (UAPP): 13 (4.2%)
Scott Rodney RAFFERTY (ON): 11 (3.6%)
2
Chris FERNANDEZUnited Australia Party
982
Ben MORTON (LP): 343 (34.9%)
Scott Rodney RAFFERTY (ON): 252 (25.7%)
Gavin WAUGH (WAP): 157 (16.0%)
Martin SPENCER (GRN): 72 (7.3%)
Marion BOSWELL (ALP): 68 (6.9%)
Jillian HORTON (IND): 62 (6.3%)
Mark STAER (AUC): 28 (2.9%)
3
Gavin WAUGHWESTERN AUSTRALIA PARTY
1,265
Ben MORTON (LP): 346 (27.4%)
Jillian HORTON (IND): 294 (23.2%)
Martin SPENCER (GRN): 224 (17.7%)
Marion BOSWELL (ALP): 212 (16.8%)
Scott Rodney RAFFERTY (ON): 110 (8.7%)
Mark STAER (AUC): 79 (6.2%)
4
Mark STAERAustralian Christians
1,822
Ben MORTON (LP): 1,187 (65.1%)
Jillian HORTON (IND): 223 (12.2%)
Martin SPENCER (GRN): 145 (8.0%)
Scott Rodney RAFFERTY (ON): 138 (7.6%)
Marion BOSWELL (ALP): 129 (7.1%)
5
Scott Rodney RAFFERTYPauline Hanson's One Nation
2,243
Ben MORTON (LP): 952 (42.4%)
Jillian HORTON (IND): 661 (29.5%)
Marion BOSWELL (ALP): 383 (17.1%)
Martin SPENCER (GRN): 247 (11.0%)
6
Jillian HORTONIndependent
3,312
Martin SPENCER (GRN): 1,271 (38.4%)
Ben MORTON (LP): 1,032 (31.2%)
Marion BOSWELL (ALP): 1,009 (30.5%)
7
Martin SPENCERThe Greens (WA)
11,314
Marion BOSWELL (ALP): 8,671 (76.6%)
Ben MORTON (LP): 2,643 (23.4%)
Votes after every count
Tangney 2019: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Count 7
Ben MORTONLiberal · elected
44,740
44,772
45,115
45,461
46,648
47,600
48,632
51,275
Marion BOSWELLAustralian Labor Party
21,644
21,672
21,740
21,952
22,081
22,464
23,473
32,144
Martin SPENCERThe Greens (WA)
9,319
9,355
9,427
9,651
9,796
10,043
11,314
–
Jillian HORTONIndependent
1,933
2,072
2,134
2,428
2,651
3,312
–
–
Scott Rodney RAFFERTYPauline Hanson's One Nation
1,732
1,743
1,995
2,105
2,243
–
–
–
Mark STAERAustralian Christians
1,695
1,715
1,743
1,822
–
–
–
–
Gavin WAUGHWESTERN AUSTRALIA PARTY
1,080
1,108
1,265
–
–
–
–
–
Chris FERNANDEZUnited Australia Party
969
982
–
–
–
–
–
–
Paul Stephen WADDYIndependent
307
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
About this page
Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
