Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
Patrick GORMAN (Australian Labor Party) won Perth in 2025 with 66,350 of the 99,756 votes in the final count, beating Susanna PANAIA (Liberal) by 32,944 votes (66.5% to 33.5%). Gorman led on first preferences with 43.1% of 99,756 formal votes and passed the 49,879-vote majority at count 2.
99,756 formal votes4 candidates2 counts32,944-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 99,756 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Peter HALLIFAX (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 6,316 votes were distributed: 4,275 (67.7%) to Susanna PANAIA; 1,187 (18.8%) to Sophie GREER; 854 (13.5%) to Patrick GORMAN.
On count 2, Sophie GREER (The Greens (WA) Inc) was excluded; their 25,654 votes were distributed: 22,549 (87.9%) to Patrick GORMAN; 3,105 (12.1%) to Susanna PANAIA.
Finally, Patrick GORMAN (Australian Labor Party) won with 66,350 votes to 33,406 for Susanna PANAIA (Liberal).
Where the preferences went
Perth 2025: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Peter HALLIFAXPauline Hanson's One Nation
6,316
Susanna PANAIA (LP): 4,275 (67.7%)
Sophie GREER (GRN): 1,187 (18.8%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 854 (13.5%)
2
Sophie GREERThe Greens (WA) Inc
25,654
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 22,549 (87.9%)
Susanna PANAIA (LP): 3,105 (12.1%)
Votes after every count
Perth 2025: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Patrick GORMANAustralian Labor Party · elected
42,947
43,801
66,350
Susanna PANAIALiberal
26,026
30,301
33,406
Sophie GREERThe Greens (WA) Inc
24,467
25,654
–
Peter HALLIFAXPauline Hanson's One Nation
6,316
–
–
2022 Federal election
Patrick GORMAN (Australian Labor Party) won Perth in 2022 with 66,151 of the 102,081 votes in the final count, beating David DWYER (Liberal) by 30,221 votes (64.8% to 35.2%). Gorman led on first preferences with 39.2% of 102,081 formal votes and passed the 51,041-vote majority at count 9.
102,081 formal votes11 candidates9 counts30,221-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 102,081 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Sean CONNOR (The Great Australian Party) was excluded; their 702 votes were distributed: 178 (25.4%) to Aiden GYURU; 131 (18.7%) to Cameron BAILEY; 109 (15.5%) to Dave VOS; 91 (13.0%) to Sonya Michelle EBERHART and 6 more.
On count 2, Aiden GYURU (Australian Federation Party) was excluded; their 888 votes were distributed: 198 (22.3%) to Evan NICKOLS; 152 (17.1%) to Cameron BAILEY; 125 (14.1%) to Sonya Michelle EBERHART; 84 (9.5%) to David DWYER and 5 more.
On count 3, Evan NICKOLS (Liberal Democrats) was excluded; their 1,624 votes were distributed: 461 (28.4%) to David DWYER; 258 (15.9%) to Patrick GORMAN; 217 (13.4%) to Cameron BAILEY; 204 (12.6%) to Sonya Michelle EBERHART and 4 more.
On count 4, Sarah SZMEKURA-MOOR (Animal Justice Party) was excluded; their 1,711 votes were distributed: 672 (39.3%) to Caroline PERKS; 349 (20.4%) to Dave VOS; 281 (16.4%) to Patrick GORMAN; 131 (7.7%) to Cameron BAILEY and 3 more.
On count 5, Dean POWELL (Australian Christians) was excluded; their 1,869 votes were distributed: 541 (28.9%) to David DWYER; 476 (25.5%) to Cameron BAILEY; 292 (15.6%) to Sonya Michelle EBERHART; 260 (13.9%) to Dave VOS and 2 more.
On count 6, Sonya Michelle EBERHART (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 2,405 votes were distributed: 1,324 (55.1%) to Cameron BAILEY; 471 (19.6%) to Dave VOS; 252 (10.5%) to Caroline PERKS; 220 (9.1%) to David DWYER and 1 more.
On count 7, Dave VOS (WESTERN AUSTRALIA PARTY) was excluded; their 3,268 votes were distributed: 909 (27.8%) to Cameron BAILEY; 887 (27.1%) to Patrick GORMAN; 798 (24.4%) to David DWYER; 674 (20.6%) to Caroline PERKS.
On count 8, Cameron BAILEY (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 6,089 votes were distributed: 2,549 (41.9%) to David DWYER; 1,871 (30.7%) to Caroline PERKS; 1,669 (27.4%) to Patrick GORMAN.
On count 9, Caroline PERKS (The Greens (WA)) was excluded; their 26,434 votes were distributed: 22,592 (85.5%) to Patrick GORMAN; 3,842 (14.5%) to David DWYER.
Finally, Patrick GORMAN (Australian Labor Party) won with 66,151 votes to 35,930 for David DWYER (Liberal).
Where the preferences went
Perth 2022: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Sean CONNORThe Great Australian Party
702
Aiden GYURU (CYA): 178 (25.4%)
Cameron BAILEY (ON): 131 (18.7%)
Dave VOS (WAP): 109 (15.5%)
Sonya Michelle EBERHART (UAPP): 91 (13.0%)
Dean POWELL (AUC): 65 (9.3%)
Sarah SZMEKURA-MOOR (AJP): 36 (5.1%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 35 (5.0%)
David DWYER (LP): 23 (3.3%)
Evan NICKOLS (LDP): 19 (2.7%)
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 15 (2.1%)
2
Aiden GYURUAustralian Federation Party
888
Evan NICKOLS (LDP): 198 (22.3%)
Cameron BAILEY (ON): 152 (17.1%)
Sonya Michelle EBERHART (UAPP): 125 (14.1%)
David DWYER (LP): 84 (9.5%)
Dean POWELL (AUC): 75 (8.4%)
Dave VOS (WAP): 74 (8.3%)
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 71 (8.0%)
Sarah SZMEKURA-MOOR (AJP): 71 (8.0%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 38 (4.3%)
3
Evan NICKOLSLiberal Democrats
1,624
David DWYER (LP): 461 (28.4%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 258 (15.9%)
Cameron BAILEY (ON): 217 (13.4%)
Sonya Michelle EBERHART (UAPP): 204 (12.6%)
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 145 (8.9%)
Dean POWELL (AUC): 143 (8.8%)
Dave VOS (WAP): 127 (7.8%)
Sarah SZMEKURA-MOOR (AJP): 69 (4.2%)
4
Sarah SZMEKURA-MOORAnimal Justice Party
1,711
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 672 (39.3%)
Dave VOS (WAP): 349 (20.4%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 281 (16.4%)
Cameron BAILEY (ON): 131 (7.7%)
David DWYER (LP): 118 (6.9%)
Sonya Michelle EBERHART (UAPP): 88 (5.1%)
Dean POWELL (AUC): 72 (4.2%)
5
Dean POWELLAustralian Christians
1,869
David DWYER (LP): 541 (28.9%)
Cameron BAILEY (ON): 476 (25.5%)
Sonya Michelle EBERHART (UAPP): 292 (15.6%)
Dave VOS (WAP): 260 (13.9%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 187 (10.0%)
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 113 (6.0%)
6
Sonya Michelle EBERHARTUnited Australia Party
2,405
Cameron BAILEY (ON): 1,324 (55.1%)
Dave VOS (WAP): 471 (19.6%)
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 252 (10.5%)
David DWYER (LP): 220 (9.1%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 138 (5.7%)
7
Dave VOSWESTERN AUSTRALIA PARTY
3,268
Cameron BAILEY (ON): 909 (27.8%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 887 (27.1%)
David DWYER (LP): 798 (24.4%)
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 674 (20.6%)
8
Cameron BAILEYPauline Hanson's One Nation
6,089
David DWYER (LP): 2,549 (41.9%)
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 1,871 (30.7%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 1,669 (27.4%)
9
Caroline PERKSThe Greens (WA)
26,434
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 22,592 (85.5%)
David DWYER (LP): 3,842 (14.5%)
Votes after every count
Perth 2022: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Count 7
Count 8
Count 9
Patrick GORMANAustralian Labor Party · elected
40,066
40,101
40,139
40,397
40,678
40,865
41,003
41,890
43,559
66,151
David DWYERLiberal
27,294
27,317
27,401
27,862
27,980
28,521
28,741
29,539
32,088
35,930
Caroline PERKSThe Greens (WA)
22,621
22,636
22,707
22,852
23,524
23,637
23,889
24,563
26,434
–
Cameron BAILEYPauline Hanson's One Nation
2,749
2,880
3,032
3,249
3,380
3,856
5,180
6,089
–
–
Dave VOSWESTERN AUSTRALIA PARTY
1,878
1,987
2,061
2,188
2,537
2,797
3,268
–
–
–
Sonya Michelle EBERHARTUnited Australia Party
1,605
1,696
1,821
2,025
2,113
2,405
–
–
–
–
Sarah SZMEKURA-MOORAnimal Justice Party
1,535
1,571
1,642
1,711
–
–
–
–
–
–
Dean POWELLAustralian Christians
1,514
1,579
1,654
1,797
1,869
–
–
–
–
–
Evan NICKOLSLiberal Democrats
1,407
1,426
1,624
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Aiden GYURUAustralian Federation Party
710
888
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Sean CONNORThe Great Australian Party
702
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2019 Federal election
Patrick GORMAN (Australian Labor Party) won Perth in 2019 with 48,176 of the 87,706 votes in the final count, beating Jim GRAYDEN (Liberal) by 8,646 votes (54.9% to 45.1%). Gorman came from behind: Grayden led on first preferences (37.4% to 34.4%) but preferences from excluded candidates put Gorman ahead at count 6.
87,706 formal votes8 candidates6 counts8,646-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 87,706 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Curtis GREENING (VOTEFLUX.ORG | Upgrade Democracy!) was excluded; their 602 votes were distributed: 169 (28.1%) to Caroline PERKS; 133 (22.1%) to Gary DAVIES; 80 (13.3%) to Mel LOWNDS; 74 (12.3%) to Jane BOXALL and 3 more.
On count 2, Gary DAVIES (Science Party) was excluded; their 1,462 votes were distributed: 531 (36.3%) to Caroline PERKS; 335 (22.9%) to Jane BOXALL; 246 (16.8%) to Patrick GORMAN; 224 (15.3%) to Jim GRAYDEN and 2 more.
On count 3, Chas HOPKINS (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 1,763 votes were distributed: 638 (36.2%) to Jim GRAYDEN; 484 (27.5%) to Mel LOWNDS; 237 (13.4%) to Jane BOXALL; 225 (12.8%) to Caroline PERKS and 1 more.
On count 4, Jane BOXALL (WESTERN AUSTRALIA PARTY) was excluded; their 2,868 votes were distributed: 1,046 (36.5%) to Patrick GORMAN; 829 (28.9%) to Jim GRAYDEN; 614 (21.4%) to Caroline PERKS; 379 (13.2%) to Mel LOWNDS.
On count 5, Mel LOWNDS (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 3,328 votes were distributed: 1,649 (49.5%) to Jim GRAYDEN; 985 (29.6%) to Caroline PERKS; 694 (20.9%) to Patrick GORMAN.
On count 6, Caroline PERKS (The Greens (WA)) was excluded; their 19,076 votes were distributed: 15,742 (82.5%) to Patrick GORMAN; 3,334 (17.5%) to Jim GRAYDEN.
Finally, Patrick GORMAN (Australian Labor Party) won with 48,176 votes to 39,530 for Jim GRAYDEN (Liberal).
Where the preferences went
Perth 2019: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Curtis GREENINGVOTEFLUX.ORG | Upgrade Democracy!
602
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 169 (28.1%)
Gary DAVIES (FUT): 133 (22.1%)
Mel LOWNDS (ON): 80 (13.3%)
Jane BOXALL (WAP): 74 (12.3%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 62 (10.3%)
Jim GRAYDEN (LP): 56 (9.3%)
Chas HOPKINS (UAPP): 28 (4.7%)
2
Gary DAVIESScience Party
1,462
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 531 (36.3%)
Jane BOXALL (WAP): 335 (22.9%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 246 (16.8%)
Jim GRAYDEN (LP): 224 (15.3%)
Chas HOPKINS (UAPP): 74 (5.1%)
Mel LOWNDS (ON): 52 (3.6%)
3
Chas HOPKINSUnited Australia Party
1,763
Jim GRAYDEN (LP): 638 (36.2%)
Mel LOWNDS (ON): 484 (27.5%)
Jane BOXALL (WAP): 237 (13.4%)
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 225 (12.8%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 179 (10.2%)
4
Jane BOXALLWESTERN AUSTRALIA PARTY
2,868
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 1,046 (36.5%)
Jim GRAYDEN (LP): 829 (28.9%)
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 614 (21.4%)
Mel LOWNDS (ON): 379 (13.2%)
5
Mel LOWNDSPauline Hanson's One Nation
3,328
Jim GRAYDEN (LP): 1,649 (49.5%)
Caroline PERKS (GRN): 985 (29.6%)
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 694 (20.9%)
6
Caroline PERKSThe Greens (WA)
19,076
Patrick GORMAN (ALP): 15,742 (82.5%)
Jim GRAYDEN (LP): 3,334 (17.5%)
Votes after every count
Perth 2019: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Jim GRAYDENLiberal
32,800
32,856
33,080
33,718
34,547
36,196
39,530
Patrick GORMANAustralian Labor Party · elected
30,207
30,269
30,515
30,694
31,740
32,434
48,176
Caroline PERKSThe Greens (WA)
16,552
16,721
17,252
17,477
18,091
19,076
–
Mel LOWNDSPauline Hanson's One Nation
2,333
2,413
2,465
2,949
3,328
–
–
Jane BOXALLWESTERN AUSTRALIA PARTY
2,222
2,296
2,631
2,868
–
–
–
Chas HOPKINSUnited Australia Party
1,661
1,689
1,763
–
–
–
–
Gary DAVIESScience Party
1,329
1,462
–
–
–
–
–
Curtis GREENINGVOTEFLUX.ORG | Upgrade Democracy!
602
–
–
–
–
–
–
About this page
Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
