Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
Dai LE (Independent) won Fowler in 2025 with 48,956 of the 92,938 votes in the final count, beating Tu LE (Labor) by 4,974 votes (52.7% to 47.3%). Le came from behind: Le led on first preferences (37.6% to 33.5%) but preferences from excluded candidates put Le ahead at count 5.
92,938 formal votes7 candidates5 counts4,974-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 92,938 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Victor TEY (Libertarian) was excluded; their 1,796 votes were distributed: 666 (37.1%) to Jared ATHAVLE; 511 (28.5%) to Dai LE; 189 (10.5%) to Tony MARGOS; 183 (10.2%) to Vivek SINGHA and 2 more.
On count 2, Tony MARGOS (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 4,024 votes were distributed: 1,165 (29.0%) to Dai LE; 1,070 (26.6%) to Jared ATHAVLE; 895 (22.2%) to Vivek SINGHA; 489 (12.2%) to Tu LE and 1 more.
On count 3, Jared ATHAVLE (Family First) was excluded; their 5,334 votes were distributed: 3,532 (66.2%) to Dai LE; 674 (12.6%) to Avery Jacob HOWARD; 604 (11.3%) to Vivek SINGHA; 524 (9.8%) to Tu LE.
On count 4, Avery Jacob HOWARD (The Greens) was excluded; their 7,497 votes were distributed: 3,760 (50.2%) to Tu LE; 3,095 (41.3%) to Dai LE; 642 (8.6%) to Vivek SINGHA.
On count 5, Vivek SINGHA (Liberal) was excluded; their 13,728 votes were distributed: 9,545 (69.5%) to Dai LE; 4,183 (30.5%) to Tu LE.
Finally, Dai LE (Independent) won with 48,956 votes to 43,982 for Tu LE (Labor).
Where the preferences went
Fowler 2025: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Victor TEYLibertarian
1,796
Jared ATHAVLE (FFPA): 666 (37.1%)
Dai LE (IND): 511 (28.5%)
Tony MARGOS (ON): 189 (10.5%)
Vivek SINGHA (LP): 183 (10.2%)
Avery Jacob HOWARD (GRN): 130 (7.2%)
Tu LE (ALP): 117 (6.5%)
2
Tony MARGOSPauline Hanson's One Nation
4,024
Dai LE (IND): 1,165 (29.0%)
Jared ATHAVLE (FFPA): 1,070 (26.6%)
Vivek SINGHA (LP): 895 (22.2%)
Tu LE (ALP): 489 (12.2%)
Avery Jacob HOWARD (GRN): 405 (10.1%)
3
Jared ATHAVLEFamily First
5,334
Dai LE (IND): 3,532 (66.2%)
Avery Jacob HOWARD (GRN): 674 (12.6%)
Vivek SINGHA (LP): 604 (11.3%)
Tu LE (ALP): 524 (9.8%)
4
Avery Jacob HOWARDThe Greens
7,497
Tu LE (ALP): 3,760 (50.2%)
Dai LE (IND): 3,095 (41.3%)
Vivek SINGHA (LP): 642 (8.6%)
5
Vivek SINGHALiberal
13,728
Dai LE (IND): 9,545 (69.5%)
Tu LE (ALP): 4,183 (30.5%)
Votes after every count
Fowler 2025: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Tu LELabor
34,909
35,026
35,515
36,039
39,799
43,982
Dai LEIndependent · elected
31,108
31,619
32,784
36,316
39,411
48,956
Vivek SINGHALiberal
11,404
11,587
12,482
13,086
13,728
–
Avery Jacob HOWARDThe Greens
6,288
6,418
6,823
7,497
–
–
Tony MARGOSPauline Hanson's One Nation
3,835
4,024
–
–
–
–
Jared ATHAVLEFamily First
3,598
4,264
5,334
–
–
–
Victor TEYLibertarian
1,796
–
–
–
–
–
2022 Federal election
Dai LE (Independent) won Fowler in 2022 with 44,348 of the 85,903 votes in the final count, beating Kristina KENEALLY (Labor) by 2,793 votes (51.6% to 48.4%). Le came from behind: Keneally led on first preferences (36.1% to 29.5%) but preferences from excluded candidates put Le ahead at count 5.
85,903 formal votes7 candidates5 counts2,793-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 85,903 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Peter Ronald RUNGE (Liberal Democrats) was excluded; their 2,094 votes were distributed: 839 (40.1%) to Courtney NGUYEN; 412 (19.7%) to Kristina KENEALLY; 357 (17.0%) to Dai LE; 271 (12.9%) to Lela Lepa PANICH and 2 more.
On count 2, Tony MARGOS (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 3,190 votes were distributed: 1,497 (46.9%) to Lela Lepa PANICH; 642 (20.1%) to Dai LE; 374 (11.7%) to Courtney NGUYEN; 353 (11.1%) to Avery HOWARD and 1 more.
On count 3, Avery HOWARD (The Greens) was excluded; their 4,616 votes were distributed: 2,422 (52.5%) to Kristina KENEALLY; 1,144 (24.8%) to Dai LE; 622 (13.5%) to Courtney NGUYEN; 428 (9.3%) to Lela Lepa PANICH.
On count 4, Lela Lepa PANICH (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 7,708 votes were distributed: 4,377 (56.8%) to Dai LE; 1,853 (24.0%) to Kristina KENEALLY; 1,478 (19.2%) to Courtney NGUYEN.
On count 5, Courtney NGUYEN (Liberal) was excluded; their 18,053 votes were distributed: 12,482 (69.1%) to Dai LE; 5,571 (30.9%) to Kristina KENEALLY.
Finally, Dai LE (Independent) won with 44,348 votes to 41,555 for Kristina KENEALLY (Labor).
Where the preferences went
Fowler 2022: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Peter Ronald RUNGELiberal Democrats
2,094
Courtney NGUYEN (LP): 839 (40.1%)
Kristina KENEALLY (ALP): 412 (19.7%)
Dai LE (IND): 357 (17.0%)
Lela Lepa PANICH (UAPP): 271 (12.9%)
Tony MARGOS (ON): 143 (6.8%)
Avery HOWARD (GRN): 72 (3.4%)
2
Tony MARGOSPauline Hanson's One Nation
3,190
Lela Lepa PANICH (UAPP): 1,497 (46.9%)
Dai LE (IND): 642 (20.1%)
Courtney NGUYEN (LP): 374 (11.7%)
Avery HOWARD (GRN): 353 (11.1%)
Kristina KENEALLY (ALP): 324 (10.2%)
3
Avery HOWARDThe Greens
4,616
Kristina KENEALLY (ALP): 2,422 (52.5%)
Dai LE (IND): 1,144 (24.8%)
Courtney NGUYEN (LP): 622 (13.5%)
Lela Lepa PANICH (UAPP): 428 (9.3%)
4
Lela Lepa PANICHUnited Australia Party
7,708
Dai LE (IND): 4,377 (56.8%)
Kristina KENEALLY (ALP): 1,853 (24.0%)
Courtney NGUYEN (LP): 1,478 (19.2%)
5
Courtney NGUYENLiberal
18,053
Dai LE (IND): 12,482 (69.1%)
Kristina KENEALLY (ALP): 5,571 (30.9%)
Votes after every count
Fowler 2022: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Kristina KENEALLYLabor
30,973
31,385
31,709
34,131
35,984
41,555
Dai LEIndependent · elected
25,346
25,703
26,345
27,489
31,866
44,348
Courtney NGUYENLiberal
14,740
15,579
15,953
16,575
18,053
–
Lela Lepa PANICHUnited Australia Party
5,512
5,783
7,280
7,708
–
–
Avery HOWARDThe Greens
4,191
4,263
4,616
–
–
–
Tony MARGOSPauline Hanson's One Nation
3,047
3,190
–
–
–
–
Peter Ronald RUNGELiberal Democrats
2,094
–
–
–
–
–
2019 Federal election
Chris HAYES (Labor) won Fowler in 2019 with 53,540 of the 83,664 votes in the final count, beating Wayne BLEWITT (Liberal) by 23,416 votes (64.0% to 36.0%). Hayes won on first preferences, with 54.5% of 83,664 formal votes (more than half: 41,833 needed).
83,664 formal votes5 candidates3 counts23,416-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 83,664 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Joshua JABBOUR (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 3,624 votes were distributed: 1,128 (31.1%) to Chris HAYES; 1,064 (29.4%) to Wayne BLEWITT; 752 (20.8%) to Francesca MOCANU; 680 (18.8%) to Seamus LEE.
On count 2, Seamus LEE (The Greens) was excluded; their 5,313 votes were distributed: 3,318 (62.5%) to Chris HAYES; 1,283 (24.1%) to Wayne BLEWITT; 712 (13.4%) to Francesca MOCANU.
On count 3, Francesca MOCANU (Christian Democratic Party (Fred Nile Group)) was excluded; their 6,107 votes were distributed: 3,467 (56.8%) to Chris HAYES; 2,640 (43.2%) to Wayne BLEWITT.
Finally, Chris HAYES (Labor) won with 53,540 votes to 30,124 for Wayne BLEWITT (Liberal).
Where the preferences went
Fowler 2019: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Joshua JABBOURUnited Australia Party
3,624
Chris HAYES (ALP): 1,128 (31.1%)
Wayne BLEWITT (LP): 1,064 (29.4%)
Francesca MOCANU (CDP): 752 (20.8%)
Seamus LEE (GRN): 680 (18.8%)
2
Seamus LEEThe Greens
5,313
Chris HAYES (ALP): 3,318 (62.5%)
Wayne BLEWITT (LP): 1,283 (24.1%)
Francesca MOCANU (CDP): 712 (13.4%)
3
Francesca MOCANUChristian Democratic Party (Fred Nile Group)
6,107
Chris HAYES (ALP): 3,467 (56.8%)
Wayne BLEWITT (LP): 2,640 (43.2%)
Votes after every count
Fowler 2019: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Chris HAYESLabor · elected
45,627
46,755
50,073
53,540
Wayne BLEWITTLiberal
25,137
26,201
27,484
30,124
Francesca MOCANUChristian Democratic Party (Fred Nile Group)
4,643
5,395
6,107
–
Seamus LEEThe Greens
4,633
5,313
–
–
Joshua JABBOURUnited Australia Party
3,624
–
–
–
About this page
Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
