Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
Zoe McKENZIE (Liberal) won Flinders in 2025 with 60,090 of the 114,923 votes in the final count, beating Ben SMITH (Independent) by 5,257 votes (52.3% to 47.7%). Mckenzie led on first preferences with 41.2% of 114,923 formal votes and passed the 57,462-vote majority at count 5.
114,923 formal votes7 candidates5 counts5,257-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 114,923 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Joseph TOSCANO (Independent) was excluded; their 980 votes were distributed: 315 (32.1%) to Ben SMITH; 156 (15.9%) to Adam FROGLEY; 149 (15.2%) to Sarah RACE; 134 (13.7%) to Mike BROWN and 2 more.
On count 2, Jason SMART (Trumpet of Patriots) was excluded; their 3,252 votes were distributed: 1,214 (37.3%) to Mike BROWN; 963 (29.6%) to Ben SMITH; 723 (22.2%) to Zoe McKENZIE; 202 (6.2%) to Sarah RACE and 1 more.
On count 3, Mike BROWN (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 7,439 votes were distributed: 4,656 (62.6%) to Zoe McKENZIE; 1,727 (23.2%) to Ben SMITH; 696 (9.4%) to Sarah RACE; 360 (4.8%) to Adam FROGLEY.
On count 4, Adam FROGLEY (The Greens) was excluded; their 7,971 votes were distributed: 3,874 (48.6%) to Ben SMITH; 3,525 (44.2%) to Sarah RACE; 572 (7.2%) to Zoe McKENZIE.
On count 5, Sarah RACE (Australian Labor Party) was excluded; their 30,194 votes were distributed: 23,548 (78.0%) to Ben SMITH; 6,646 (22.0%) to Zoe McKENZIE.
Finally, Zoe McKENZIE (Liberal) won with 60,090 votes to 54,833 for Ben SMITH (Independent).
Where the preferences went
Flinders 2025: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Joseph TOSCANOIndependent
980
Ben SMITH (IND): 315 (32.1%)
Adam FROGLEY (GVIC): 156 (15.9%)
Sarah RACE (ALP): 149 (15.2%)
Mike BROWN (ON): 134 (13.7%)
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 118 (12.0%)
Jason SMART (CYA): 108 (11.0%)
2
Jason SMARTTrumpet of Patriots
3,252
Mike BROWN (ON): 1,214 (37.3%)
Ben SMITH (IND): 963 (29.6%)
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 723 (22.2%)
Sarah RACE (ALP): 202 (6.2%)
Adam FROGLEY (GVIC): 150 (4.6%)
3
Mike BROWNPauline Hanson's One Nation
7,439
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 4,656 (62.6%)
Ben SMITH (IND): 1,727 (23.2%)
Sarah RACE (ALP): 696 (9.4%)
Adam FROGLEY (GVIC): 360 (4.8%)
4
Adam FROGLEYThe Greens
7,971
Ben SMITH (IND): 3,874 (48.6%)
Sarah RACE (ALP): 3,525 (44.2%)
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 572 (7.2%)
5
Sarah RACEAustralian Labor Party
30,194
Ben SMITH (IND): 23,548 (78.0%)
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 6,646 (22.0%)
Votes after every count
Flinders 2025: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Zoe McKENZIELiberal · elected
47,375
47,493
48,216
52,872
53,444
60,090
Sarah RACEAustralian Labor Party
25,622
25,771
25,973
26,669
30,194
–
Ben SMITHIndependent
24,406
24,721
25,684
27,411
31,285
54,833
Adam FROGLEYThe Greens
7,305
7,461
7,611
7,971
–
–
Mike BROWNPauline Hanson's One Nation
6,091
6,225
7,439
–
–
–
Jason SMARTTrumpet of Patriots
3,144
3,252
–
–
–
–
Joseph TOSCANOIndependent
980
–
–
–
–
–
2022 Federal election
Zoe McKENZIE (Liberal) won Flinders in 2022 with 56,075 of the 98,902 votes in the final count, beating Surbhi SNOWBALL (Australian Labor Party) by 13,248 votes (56.7% to 43.3%). Mckenzie led on first preferences with 43.5% of 98,902 formal votes and passed the 49,452-vote majority at count 7.
98,902 formal votes10 candidates8 counts13,248-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 98,902 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Jefferson EARL (Australian Federation Party) was excluded; their 486 votes were distributed: 110 (22.6%) to Cyndi MARR; 96 (19.8%) to Chrysten ABRAHAM; 72 (14.8%) to Alex VAN DER END; 56 (11.5%) to Sarah RUSSELL and 5 more.
On count 2, Pamela ENGELANDER (Animal Justice Party) was excluded; their 2,071 votes were distributed: 595 (28.7%) to Colin LANE; 448 (21.6%) to Despi O'CONNOR; 353 (17.0%) to Surbhi SNOWBALL; 218 (10.5%) to Sarah RUSSELL and 4 more.
On count 3, Chrysten ABRAHAM (Liberal Democrats) was excluded; their 2,488 votes were distributed: 781 (31.4%) to Alex VAN DER END; 751 (30.2%) to Cyndi MARR; 560 (22.5%) to Zoe McKENZIE; 134 (5.4%) to Sarah RUSSELL and 3 more.
On count 4, Cyndi MARR (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 4,395 votes were distributed: 2,781 (63.3%) to Alex VAN DER END; 561 (12.8%) to Zoe McKENZIE; 378 (8.6%) to Sarah RUSSELL; 264 (6.0%) to Despi O'CONNOR and 2 more.
On count 5, Sarah RUSSELL (Independent) was excluded; their 5,975 votes were distributed: 2,419 (40.5%) to Despi O'CONNOR; 1,456 (24.4%) to Surbhi SNOWBALL; 1,321 (22.1%) to Colin LANE; 425 (7.1%) to Zoe McKENZIE and 1 more.
On count 6, Alex VAN DER END (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 8,571 votes were distributed: 4,048 (47.2%) to Zoe McKENZIE; 2,985 (34.8%) to Despi O'CONNOR; 772 (9.0%) to Surbhi SNOWBALL; 766 (8.9%) to Colin LANE.
On count 7, Colin LANE (The Greens) was excluded; their 12,309 votes were distributed: 5,781 (47.0%) to Despi O'CONNOR; 5,277 (42.9%) to Surbhi SNOWBALL; 1,251 (10.2%) to Zoe McKENZIE.
On count 8, Despi O'CONNOR (Independent) was excluded; their 19,177 votes were distributed: 13,163 (68.6%) to Surbhi SNOWBALL; 6,014 (31.4%) to Zoe McKENZIE.
Finally, Zoe McKENZIE (Liberal) won with 56,075 votes to 42,827 for Surbhi SNOWBALL (Australian Labor Party).
Where the preferences went
Flinders 2022: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Jefferson EARLAustralian Federation Party
486
Cyndi MARR (ON): 110 (22.6%)
Chrysten ABRAHAM (LDP): 96 (19.8%)
Alex VAN DER END (UAPP): 72 (14.8%)
Sarah RUSSELL (IND): 56 (11.5%)
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 44 (9.1%)
Colin LANE (GVIC): 39 (8.0%)
Despi O'CONNOR (IND): 30 (6.2%)
Surbhi SNOWBALL (ALP): 28 (5.8%)
Pamela ENGELANDER (AJP): 11 (2.3%)
2
Pamela ENGELANDERAnimal Justice Party
2,071
Colin LANE (GVIC): 595 (28.7%)
Despi O'CONNOR (IND): 448 (21.6%)
Surbhi SNOWBALL (ALP): 353 (17.0%)
Sarah RUSSELL (IND): 218 (10.5%)
Cyndi MARR (ON): 161 (7.8%)
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 159 (7.7%)
Alex VAN DER END (UAPP): 111 (5.4%)
Chrysten ABRAHAM (LDP): 26 (1.3%)
3
Chrysten ABRAHAMLiberal Democrats
2,488
Alex VAN DER END (UAPP): 781 (31.4%)
Cyndi MARR (ON): 751 (30.2%)
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 560 (22.5%)
Sarah RUSSELL (IND): 134 (5.4%)
Colin LANE (GVIC): 105 (4.2%)
Despi O'CONNOR (IND): 87 (3.5%)
Surbhi SNOWBALL (ALP): 70 (2.8%)
4
Cyndi MARRPauline Hanson's One Nation
4,395
Alex VAN DER END (UAPP): 2,781 (63.3%)
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 561 (12.8%)
Sarah RUSSELL (IND): 378 (8.6%)
Despi O'CONNOR (IND): 264 (6.0%)
Surbhi SNOWBALL (ALP): 221 (5.0%)
Colin LANE (GVIC): 190 (4.3%)
5
Sarah RUSSELLIndependent
5,975
Despi O'CONNOR (IND): 2,419 (40.5%)
Surbhi SNOWBALL (ALP): 1,456 (24.4%)
Colin LANE (GVIC): 1,321 (22.1%)
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 425 (7.1%)
Alex VAN DER END (UAPP): 354 (5.9%)
6
Alex VAN DER ENDUnited Australia Party
8,571
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 4,048 (47.2%)
Despi O'CONNOR (IND): 2,985 (34.8%)
Surbhi SNOWBALL (ALP): 772 (9.0%)
Colin LANE (GVIC): 766 (8.9%)
7
Colin LANEThe Greens
12,309
Despi O'CONNOR (IND): 5,781 (47.0%)
Surbhi SNOWBALL (ALP): 5,277 (42.9%)
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 1,251 (10.2%)
8
Despi O'CONNORIndependent
19,177
Surbhi SNOWBALL (ALP): 13,163 (68.6%)
Zoe McKENZIE (LP): 6,014 (31.4%)
Votes after every count
Flinders 2022: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Count 7
Count 8
Zoe McKENZIELiberal · elected
43,013
43,057
43,216
43,776
44,337
44,762
48,810
50,061
56,075
Surbhi SNOWBALLAustralian Labor Party
21,487
21,515
21,868
21,938
22,159
23,615
24,387
29,664
42,827
Colin LANEThe Greens
9,293
9,332
9,927
10,032
10,222
11,543
12,309
–
–
Despi O'CONNORIndependent
7,163
7,193
7,641
7,728
7,992
10,411
13,396
19,177
–
Sarah RUSSELLIndependent
5,189
5,245
5,463
5,597
5,975
–
–
–
–
Alex VAN DER ENDUnited Australia Party
4,472
4,544
4,655
5,436
8,217
8,571
–
–
–
Cyndi MARRPauline Hanson's One Nation
3,373
3,483
3,644
4,395
–
–
–
–
–
Chrysten ABRAHAMLiberal Democrats
2,366
2,462
2,488
–
–
–
–
–
–
Pamela ENGELANDERAnimal Justice Party
2,060
2,071
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Jefferson EARLAustralian Federation Party
486
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2019 Federal election
Greg HUNT (Liberal) won Flinders in 2019 with 53,943 of the 96,952 votes in the final count, beating Josh SINCLAIR (Australian Labor Party) by 10,934 votes (55.6% to 44.4%). Hunt led on first preferences with 46.7% of 96,952 formal votes and passed the 48,477-vote majority at count 6.
96,952 formal votes9 candidates7 counts10,934-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 96,952 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Harry DREGER (Independent) was excluded; their 940 votes were distributed: 371 (39.5%) to James PERSSON; 152 (16.2%) to Julia BANKS; 136 (14.5%) to Greg HUNT; 106 (11.3%) to Susie BEVERIDGE and 4 more.
On count 2, Susie BEVERIDGE (Independent) was excluded; their 1,054 votes were distributed: 549 (52.1%) to Julia BANKS; 108 (10.2%) to Greg HUNT; 89 (8.4%) to Josh SINCLAIR; 80 (7.6%) to Reade SMITH and 3 more.
On count 3, Reade SMITH (Sustainable Australia) was excluded; their 1,207 votes were distributed: 267 (22.1%) to Nathan LESSLIE; 243 (20.1%) to James PERSSON; 208 (17.2%) to Julia BANKS; 190 (15.7%) to Greg HUNT and 2 more.
On count 4, Christine McSHANE (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 2,681 votes were distributed: 1,015 (37.9%) to Greg HUNT; 783 (29.2%) to Julia BANKS; 391 (14.6%) to James PERSSON; 307 (11.5%) to Josh SINCLAIR and 1 more.
On count 5, James PERSSON (Animal Justice Party) was excluded; their 3,382 votes were distributed: 1,143 (33.8%) to Nathan LESSLIE; 885 (26.2%) to Julia BANKS; 861 (25.5%) to Greg HUNT; 493 (14.6%) to Josh SINCLAIR.
On count 6, Nathan LESSLIE (The Greens (VIC)) was excluded; their 8,300 votes were distributed: 3,873 (46.7%) to Julia BANKS; 3,526 (42.5%) to Josh SINCLAIR; 901 (10.9%) to Greg HUNT.
On count 7, Julia BANKS (Independent) was excluded; their 19,817 votes were distributed: 14,378 (72.6%) to Josh SINCLAIR; 5,439 (27.4%) to Greg HUNT.
Finally, Greg HUNT (Liberal) won with 53,943 votes to 43,009 for Josh SINCLAIR (Australian Labor Party).
Where the preferences went
Flinders 2019: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Harry DREGERIndependent
940
James PERSSON (AJP): 371 (39.5%)
Julia BANKS (IND): 152 (16.2%)
Greg HUNT (LP): 136 (14.5%)
Susie BEVERIDGE (IND): 106 (11.3%)
Reade SMITH (SPP): 55 (5.9%)
Josh SINCLAIR (ALP): 54 (5.7%)
Christine McSHANE (UAPP): 37 (3.9%)
Nathan LESSLIE (GVIC): 29 (3.1%)
2
Susie BEVERIDGEIndependent
1,054
Julia BANKS (IND): 549 (52.1%)
Greg HUNT (LP): 108 (10.2%)
Josh SINCLAIR (ALP): 89 (8.4%)
Reade SMITH (SPP): 80 (7.6%)
Christine McSHANE (UAPP): 78 (7.4%)
Nathan LESSLIE (GVIC): 77 (7.3%)
James PERSSON (AJP): 73 (6.9%)
3
Reade SMITHSustainable Australia
1,207
Nathan LESSLIE (GVIC): 267 (22.1%)
James PERSSON (AJP): 243 (20.1%)
Julia BANKS (IND): 208 (17.2%)
Greg HUNT (LP): 190 (15.7%)
Josh SINCLAIR (ALP): 180 (14.9%)
Christine McSHANE (UAPP): 119 (9.9%)
4
Christine McSHANEUnited Australia Party
2,681
Greg HUNT (LP): 1,015 (37.9%)
Julia BANKS (IND): 783 (29.2%)
James PERSSON (AJP): 391 (14.6%)
Josh SINCLAIR (ALP): 307 (11.5%)
Nathan LESSLIE (GVIC): 185 (6.9%)
5
James PERSSONAnimal Justice Party
3,382
Nathan LESSLIE (GVIC): 1,143 (33.8%)
Julia BANKS (IND): 885 (26.2%)
Greg HUNT (LP): 861 (25.5%)
Josh SINCLAIR (ALP): 493 (14.6%)
6
Nathan LESSLIEThe Greens (VIC)
8,300
Julia BANKS (IND): 3,873 (46.7%)
Josh SINCLAIR (ALP): 3,526 (42.5%)
Greg HUNT (LP): 901 (10.9%)
7
Julia BANKSIndependent
19,817
Josh SINCLAIR (ALP): 14,378 (72.6%)
Greg HUNT (LP): 5,439 (27.4%)
Votes after every count
Flinders 2019: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Count 7
Greg HUNTLiberal · elected
45,293
45,429
45,537
45,727
46,742
47,603
48,504
53,943
Josh SINCLAIRAustralian Labor Party
23,982
24,036
24,125
24,305
24,612
25,105
28,631
43,009
Julia BANKSIndependent
13,367
13,519
14,068
14,276
15,059
15,944
19,817
–
Nathan LESSLIEThe Greens (VIC)
6,599
6,628
6,705
6,972
7,157
8,300
–
–
Christine McSHANEUnited Australia Party
2,447
2,484
2,562
2,681
–
–
–
–
James PERSSONAnimal Justice Party
2,304
2,675
2,748
2,991
3,382
–
–
–
Reade SMITHSustainable Australia
1,072
1,127
1,207
–
–
–
–
–
Susie BEVERIDGEIndependent
948
1,054
–
–
–
–
–
–
Harry DREGERIndependent
940
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
About this page
Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
