Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
Sussan LEY (Liberal) won Farrer in 2025 with 57,916 of the 103,063 votes in the final count, beating Michelle MILTHORPE (Independent) by 12,769 votes (56.2% to 43.8%). Ley led on first preferences with 43.4% of 103,063 formal votes and passed the 51,532-vote majority at count 6.
103,063 formal votes9 candidates7 counts12,769-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 103,063 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, David O'REILLY (Gerard Rennick People First) was excluded; their 2,078 votes were distributed: 896 (43.1%) to Rebecca SCRIVEN; 546 (26.3%) to Emma HICKS; 190 (9.1%) to Tanya HARGRAVES; 118 (5.7%) to Peter SINCLAIR and 4 more.
On count 2, Tanya HARGRAVES (Trumpet of Patriots) was excluded; their 2,631 votes were distributed: 790 (30.0%) to Emma HICKS; 605 (23.0%) to Rebecca SCRIVEN; 400 (15.2%) to Sussan LEY; 369 (14.0%) to Peter SINCLAIR and 3 more.
On count 3, Rebecca SCRIVEN (Family First) was excluded; their 3,719 votes were distributed: 1,685 (45.3%) to Emma HICKS; 913 (24.5%) to Peter SINCLAIR; 409 (11.0%) to Sussan LEY; 367 (9.9%) to Michelle MILTHORPE and 2 more.
On count 4, Peter SINCLAIR (Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party) was excluded; their 4,977 votes were distributed: 2,188 (44.0%) to Emma HICKS; 1,029 (20.7%) to Michelle MILTHORPE; 950 (19.1%) to Sussan LEY; 434 (8.7%) to Glen HYDE and 1 more.
On count 5, Richard August HENDRIE (The Greens) was excluded; their 5,748 votes were distributed: 2,441 (42.5%) to Michelle MILTHORPE; 2,301 (40.0%) to Glen HYDE; 524 (9.1%) to Sussan LEY; 482 (8.4%) to Emma HICKS.
On count 6, Emma HICKS (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 12,494 votes were distributed: 5,852 (46.8%) to Michelle MILTHORPE; 5,636 (45.1%) to Sussan LEY; 1,006 (8.1%) to Glen HYDE.
On count 7, Glen HYDE (Labor) was excluded; their 19,650 votes were distributed: 14,513 (73.9%) to Michelle MILTHORPE; 5,137 (26.1%) to Sussan LEY.
Finally, Sussan LEY (Liberal) won with 57,916 votes to 45,147 for Michelle MILTHORPE (Independent).
Where the preferences went
Farrer 2025: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
David O'REILLYGerard Rennick People First
2,078
Rebecca SCRIVEN (FFPA): 896 (43.1%)
Emma HICKS (ON): 546 (26.3%)
Tanya HARGRAVES (CYA): 190 (9.1%)
Peter SINCLAIR (ASP): 118 (5.7%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 117 (5.6%)
Michelle MILTHORPE (IND): 115 (5.5%)
Glen HYDE (ALP): 53 (2.6%)
Richard August HENDRIE (GRN): 43 (2.1%)
2
Tanya HARGRAVESTrumpet of Patriots
2,631
Emma HICKS (ON): 790 (30.0%)
Rebecca SCRIVEN (FFPA): 605 (23.0%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 400 (15.2%)
Peter SINCLAIR (ASP): 369 (14.0%)
Michelle MILTHORPE (IND): 263 (10.0%)
Glen HYDE (ALP): 133 (5.1%)
Richard August HENDRIE (GRN): 71 (2.7%)
3
Rebecca SCRIVENFamily First
3,719
Emma HICKS (ON): 1,685 (45.3%)
Peter SINCLAIR (ASP): 913 (24.5%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 409 (11.0%)
Michelle MILTHORPE (IND): 367 (9.9%)
Richard August HENDRIE (GRN): 173 (4.7%)
Glen HYDE (ALP): 172 (4.6%)
4
Peter SINCLAIRShooters, Fishers and Farmers Party
4,977
Emma HICKS (ON): 2,188 (44.0%)
Michelle MILTHORPE (IND): 1,029 (20.7%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 950 (19.1%)
Glen HYDE (ALP): 434 (8.7%)
Richard August HENDRIE (GRN): 376 (7.6%)
5
Richard August HENDRIEThe Greens
5,748
Michelle MILTHORPE (IND): 2,441 (42.5%)
Glen HYDE (ALP): 2,301 (40.0%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 524 (9.1%)
Emma HICKS (ON): 482 (8.4%)
6
Emma HICKSPauline Hanson's One Nation
12,494
Michelle MILTHORPE (IND): 5,852 (46.8%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 5,636 (45.1%)
Glen HYDE (ALP): 1,006 (8.1%)
7
Glen HYDELabor
19,650
Michelle MILTHORPE (IND): 14,513 (73.9%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 5,137 (26.1%)
Votes after every count
Farrer 2025: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Count 7
Sussan LEYLiberal · elected
44,743
44,860
45,260
45,669
46,619
47,143
52,779
57,916
Michelle MILTHORPEIndependent
20,567
20,682
20,945
21,312
22,341
24,782
30,634
45,147
Glen HYDELabor
15,551
15,604
15,737
15,909
16,343
18,644
19,650
–
Emma HICKSPauline Hanson's One Nation
6,803
7,349
8,139
9,824
12,012
12,494
–
–
Richard August HENDRIEThe Greens
5,085
5,128
5,199
5,372
5,748
–
–
–
Peter SINCLAIRShooters, Fishers and Farmers Party
3,577
3,695
4,064
4,977
–
–
–
–
Tanya HARGRAVESTrumpet of Patriots
2,441
2,631
–
–
–
–
–
–
Rebecca SCRIVENFamily First
2,218
3,114
3,719
–
–
–
–
–
David O'REILLYGerard Rennick People First
2,078
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2022 Federal election
Sussan LEY (Liberal) won Farrer in 2022 with 66,739 of the 100,582 votes in the final count, beating Darren Michael CAMERON (Labor) by 32,896 votes (66.4% to 33.6%). Ley won on first preferences, with 52.3% of 100,582 formal votes (more than half: 50,292 needed).
100,582 formal votes8 candidates6 counts32,896-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 100,582 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Ian Christopher ROWORTH (Liberal Democrats) was excluded; their 1,595 votes were distributed: 453 (28.4%) to Richard FRANCIS; 384 (24.1%) to Sussan LEY; 249 (15.6%) to Julie RAMOS; 231 (14.5%) to Paul BRITTON and 3 more.
On count 2, Amanda DUNCAN-STRELEC (Independent) was excluded; their 3,314 votes were distributed: 754 (22.8%) to Paul BRITTON; 699 (21.1%) to Eli DAVERN; 678 (20.5%) to Sussan LEY; 570 (17.2%) to Darren Michael CAMERON and 2 more.
On count 3, Julie RAMOS (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 3,757 votes were distributed: 1,914 (50.9%) to Richard FRANCIS; 689 (18.3%) to Paul BRITTON; 530 (14.1%) to Sussan LEY; 386 (10.3%) to Darren Michael CAMERON and 1 more.
On count 4, Paul BRITTON (Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party) was excluded; their 7,013 votes were distributed: 3,003 (42.8%) to Richard FRANCIS; 1,971 (28.1%) to Sussan LEY; 1,240 (17.7%) to Darren Michael CAMERON; 799 (11.4%) to Eli DAVERN.
On count 5, Eli DAVERN (The Greens) was excluded; their 10,972 votes were distributed: 6,811 (62.1%) to Darren Michael CAMERON; 2,914 (26.6%) to Sussan LEY; 1,247 (11.4%) to Richard FRANCIS.
On count 6, Richard FRANCIS (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 13,355 votes were distributed: 7,696 (57.6%) to Sussan LEY; 5,659 (42.4%) to Darren Michael CAMERON.
Finally, Sussan LEY (Liberal) won with 66,739 votes to 33,843 for Darren Michael CAMERON (Labor).
Where the preferences went
Farrer 2022: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Ian Christopher ROWORTHLiberal Democrats
1,595
Richard FRANCIS (ON): 453 (28.4%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 384 (24.1%)
Julie RAMOS (UAPP): 249 (15.6%)
Paul BRITTON (ASP): 231 (14.5%)
Amanda DUNCAN-STRELEC (IND): 125 (7.8%)
Darren Michael CAMERON (ALP): 80 (5.0%)
Eli DAVERN (GRN): 73 (4.6%)
2
Amanda DUNCAN-STRELECIndependent
3,314
Paul BRITTON (ASP): 754 (22.8%)
Eli DAVERN (GRN): 699 (21.1%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 678 (20.5%)
Darren Michael CAMERON (ALP): 570 (17.2%)
Richard FRANCIS (ON): 375 (11.3%)
Julie RAMOS (UAPP): 238 (7.2%)
3
Julie RAMOSUnited Australia Party
3,757
Richard FRANCIS (ON): 1,914 (50.9%)
Paul BRITTON (ASP): 689 (18.3%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 530 (14.1%)
Darren Michael CAMERON (ALP): 386 (10.3%)
Eli DAVERN (GRN): 238 (6.3%)
4
Paul BRITTONShooters, Fishers and Farmers Party
7,013
Richard FRANCIS (ON): 3,003 (42.8%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 1,971 (28.1%)
Darren Michael CAMERON (ALP): 1,240 (17.7%)
Eli DAVERN (GRN): 799 (11.4%)
5
Eli DAVERNThe Greens
10,972
Darren Michael CAMERON (ALP): 6,811 (62.1%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 2,914 (26.6%)
Richard FRANCIS (ON): 1,247 (11.4%)
6
Richard FRANCISPauline Hanson's One Nation
13,355
Sussan LEY (LP): 7,696 (57.6%)
Darren Michael CAMERON (ALP): 5,659 (42.4%)
Votes after every count
Farrer 2022: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Sussan LEYLiberal · elected
52,566
52,950
53,628
54,158
56,129
59,043
66,739
Darren Michael CAMERONLabor
19,097
19,177
19,747
20,133
21,373
28,184
33,843
Eli DAVERNThe Greens
9,163
9,236
9,935
10,173
10,972
–
–
Richard FRANCISPauline Hanson's One Nation
6,363
6,816
7,191
9,105
12,108
13,355
–
Paul BRITTONShooters, Fishers and Farmers Party
5,339
5,570
6,324
7,013
–
–
–
Julie RAMOSUnited Australia Party
3,270
3,519
3,757
–
–
–
–
Amanda DUNCAN-STRELECIndependent
3,189
3,314
–
–
–
–
–
Ian Christopher ROWORTHLiberal Democrats
1,595
–
–
–
–
–
–
2019 Federal election
Sussan LEY (Liberal) won Farrer in 2019 with 59,260 of the 97,249 votes in the final count, beating Kevin Francis MACK (Independent) by 21,271 votes (60.9% to 39.1%). Ley won on first preferences, with 50.7% of 97,249 formal votes (more than half: 48,625 needed).
97,249 formal votes9 candidates7 counts21,271-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 97,249 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Mark ELLIS (Liberal Democrats) was excluded; their 1,084 votes were distributed: 454 (41.9%) to Sussan LEY; 168 (15.5%) to Kevin Francis MACK; 137 (12.6%) to Michael Hunter ROSE; 111 (10.2%) to Brian MILLS and 4 more.
On count 2, Brian MILLS (Independent) was excluded; their 1,366 votes were distributed: 595 (43.6%) to Kevin Francis MACK; 217 (15.9%) to Michael Hunter ROSE; 186 (13.6%) to Sussan LEY; 102 (7.5%) to Ross HAMILTON and 3 more.
On count 3, Philip LANGFIELD (Christian Democratic Party (Fred Nile Group)) was excluded; their 1,474 votes were distributed: 672 (45.6%) to Sussan LEY; 308 (20.9%) to Kevin Francis MACK; 285 (19.3%) to Michael Hunter ROSE; 94 (6.4%) to Ross HAMILTON and 2 more.
On count 4, Ross HAMILTON (Sustainable Australia) was excluded; their 1,669 votes were distributed: 493 (29.5%) to Kevin Francis MACK; 373 (22.3%) to Sussan LEY; 287 (17.2%) to Dean MOSS; 269 (16.1%) to Kieran DRABSCH and 1 more.
On count 5, Dean MOSS (The Greens) was excluded; their 4,977 votes were distributed: 2,043 (41.0%) to Kieran DRABSCH; 1,636 (32.9%) to Kevin Francis MACK; 713 (14.3%) to Sussan LEY; 585 (11.8%) to Michael Hunter ROSE.
On count 6, Michael Hunter ROSE (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 5,618 votes were distributed: 2,626 (46.7%) to Kevin Francis MACK; 2,260 (40.2%) to Sussan LEY; 732 (13.0%) to Kieran DRABSCH.
On count 7, Kieran DRABSCH (Labor) was excluded; their 17,523 votes were distributed: 12,237 (69.8%) to Kevin Francis MACK; 5,286 (30.2%) to Sussan LEY.
Finally, Sussan LEY (Liberal) won with 59,260 votes to 37,989 for Kevin Francis MACK (Independent).
Where the preferences went
Farrer 2019: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Mark ELLISLiberal Democrats
1,084
Sussan LEY (LP): 454 (41.9%)
Kevin Francis MACK (IND): 168 (15.5%)
Michael Hunter ROSE (UAPP): 137 (12.6%)
Brian MILLS (IND): 111 (10.2%)
Philip LANGFIELD (CDP): 65 (6.0%)
Kieran DRABSCH (ALP): 63 (5.8%)
Ross HAMILTON (SPP): 44 (4.1%)
Dean MOSS (GRN): 42 (3.9%)
2
Brian MILLSIndependent
1,366
Kevin Francis MACK (IND): 595 (43.6%)
Michael Hunter ROSE (UAPP): 217 (15.9%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 186 (13.6%)
Ross HAMILTON (SPP): 102 (7.5%)
Kieran DRABSCH (ALP): 101 (7.4%)
Dean MOSS (GRN): 83 (6.1%)
Philip LANGFIELD (CDP): 82 (6.0%)
3
Philip LANGFIELDChristian Democratic Party (Fred Nile Group)
1,474
Sussan LEY (LP): 672 (45.6%)
Kevin Francis MACK (IND): 308 (20.9%)
Michael Hunter ROSE (UAPP): 285 (19.3%)
Ross HAMILTON (SPP): 94 (6.4%)
Kieran DRABSCH (ALP): 79 (5.4%)
Dean MOSS (GRN): 36 (2.4%)
4
Ross HAMILTONSustainable Australia
1,669
Kevin Francis MACK (IND): 493 (29.5%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 373 (22.3%)
Dean MOSS (GRN): 287 (17.2%)
Kieran DRABSCH (ALP): 269 (16.1%)
Michael Hunter ROSE (UAPP): 247 (14.8%)
5
Dean MOSSThe Greens
4,977
Kieran DRABSCH (ALP): 2,043 (41.0%)
Kevin Francis MACK (IND): 1,636 (32.9%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 713 (14.3%)
Michael Hunter ROSE (UAPP): 585 (11.8%)
6
Michael Hunter ROSEUnited Australia Party
5,618
Kevin Francis MACK (IND): 2,626 (46.7%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 2,260 (40.2%)
Kieran DRABSCH (ALP): 732 (13.0%)
7
Kieran DRABSCHLabor
17,523
Kevin Francis MACK (IND): 12,237 (69.8%)
Sussan LEY (LP): 5,286 (30.2%)
Votes after every count
Farrer 2019: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Count 7
Sussan LEYLiberal · elected
49,316
49,770
49,956
50,628
51,001
51,714
53,974
59,260
Kevin Francis MACKIndependent
19,926
20,094
20,689
20,997
21,490
23,126
25,752
37,989
Kieran DRABSCHLabor
14,236
14,299
14,400
14,479
14,748
16,791
17,523
–
Dean MOSSThe Greens
4,529
4,571
4,654
4,690
4,977
–
–
–
Michael Hunter ROSEUnited Australia Party
4,147
4,284
4,501
4,786
5,033
5,618
–
–
Ross HAMILTONSustainable Australia
1,429
1,473
1,575
1,669
–
–
–
–
Philip LANGFIELDChristian Democratic Party (Fred Nile Group)
1,327
1,392
1,474
–
–
–
–
–
Brian MILLSIndependent
1,255
1,366
–
–
–
–
–
–
Mark ELLISLiberal Democrats
1,084
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
About this page
Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
