Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
Alicia PAYNE (Australian Labor Party) won Canberra in 2025 with 64,936 of the 93,405 votes in the final count, beating Isabel MUDFORD (Australian Greens) by 36,467 votes (69.5% to 30.5%). Payne led on first preferences with 48.3% of 93,405 formal votes and passed the 46,703-vote majority at count 3.
93,405 formal votes6 candidates4 counts36,467-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 93,405 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Mary-Jane LIDDICOAT (HEART Party) was excluded; their 1,222 votes were distributed: 528 (43.2%) to Claire MILES; 375 (30.7%) to Will ROCHE; 130 (10.6%) to Isabel MUDFORD; 98 (8.0%) to Teresa McTAGGART and 1 more.
On count 2, Teresa McTAGGART (AJP) was excluded; their 1,356 votes were distributed: 477 (35.2%) to Isabel MUDFORD; 421 (31.0%) to Claire MILES; 324 (23.9%) to Alicia PAYNE; 134 (9.9%) to Will ROCHE.
On count 3, Claire MILES (Independent) was excluded; their 11,136 votes were distributed: 4,488 (40.3%) to Alicia PAYNE; 3,933 (35.3%) to Isabel MUDFORD; 2,715 (24.4%) to Will ROCHE.
On count 4, Will ROCHE (Liberal) was excluded; their 20,325 votes were distributed: 14,900 (73.3%) to Alicia PAYNE; 5,425 (26.7%) to Isabel MUDFORD.
Finally, Alicia PAYNE (Australian Labor Party) won with 64,936 votes to 28,469 for Isabel MUDFORD (Australian Greens).
Where the preferences went
Canberra 2025: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Mary-Jane LIDDICOATHEART Party
1,222
Claire MILES (IND): 528 (43.2%)
Will ROCHE (LP): 375 (30.7%)
Isabel MUDFORD (GRN): 130 (10.6%)
Teresa McTAGGART (AJP): 98 (8.0%)
Alicia PAYNE (ALP): 91 (7.4%)
2
Teresa McTAGGARTAJP
1,356
Isabel MUDFORD (GRN): 477 (35.2%)
Claire MILES (IND): 421 (31.0%)
Alicia PAYNE (ALP): 324 (23.9%)
Will ROCHE (LP): 134 (9.9%)
3
Claire MILESIndependent
11,136
Alicia PAYNE (ALP): 4,488 (40.3%)
Isabel MUDFORD (GRN): 3,933 (35.3%)
Will ROCHE (LP): 2,715 (24.4%)
4
Will ROCHELiberal
20,325
Alicia PAYNE (ALP): 14,900 (73.3%)
Isabel MUDFORD (GRN): 5,425 (26.7%)
Votes after every count
Canberra 2025: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Alicia PAYNEAustralian Labor Party · elected
45,133
45,224
45,548
50,036
64,936
Isabel MUDFORDAustralian Greens
18,504
18,634
19,111
23,044
28,469
Will ROCHELiberal
17,101
17,476
17,610
20,325
–
Claire MILESIndependent
10,187
10,715
11,136
–
–
Teresa McTAGGARTAJP
1,258
1,356
–
–
–
Mary-Jane LIDDICOATHEART Party
1,222
–
–
–
–
2022 Federal election
Alicia PAYNE (Australian Labor Party) won Canberra in 2022 with 57,421 of the 92,322 votes in the final count, beating Tim HOLLO (The Greens) by 22,520 votes (62.2% to 37.8%). Payne led on first preferences with 44.9% of 92,322 formal votes and passed the 46,162-vote majority at count 4.
92,322 formal votes6 candidates4 counts22,520-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 92,322 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, James MILES (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 1,531 votes were distributed: 859 (56.1%) to Catherine SMITH; 303 (19.8%) to Slade MINSON; 205 (13.4%) to Tim BOHM; 98 (6.4%) to Alicia PAYNE and 1 more.
On count 2, Catherine SMITH (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 2,546 votes were distributed: 1,299 (51.0%) to Tim BOHM; 845 (33.2%) to Slade MINSON; 233 (9.2%) to Alicia PAYNE; 169 (6.6%) to Tim HOLLO.
On count 3, Tim BOHM (Independent) was excluded; their 6,276 votes were distributed: 2,393 (38.1%) to Tim HOLLO; 2,140 (34.1%) to Slade MINSON; 1,743 (27.8%) to Alicia PAYNE.
On count 4, Slade MINSON (Liberal) was excluded; their 23,390 votes were distributed: 13,912 (59.5%) to Alicia PAYNE; 9,478 (40.5%) to Tim HOLLO.
Finally, Alicia PAYNE (Australian Labor Party) won with 57,421 votes to 34,901 for Tim HOLLO (The Greens).
Where the preferences went
Canberra 2022: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
James MILESPauline Hanson's One Nation
1,531
Catherine SMITH (UAPP): 859 (56.1%)
Slade MINSON (LP): 303 (19.8%)
Tim BOHM (IND): 205 (13.4%)
Alicia PAYNE (ALP): 98 (6.4%)
Tim HOLLO (GRN): 66 (4.3%)
2
Catherine SMITHUnited Australia Party
2,546
Tim BOHM (IND): 1,299 (51.0%)
Slade MINSON (LP): 845 (33.2%)
Alicia PAYNE (ALP): 233 (9.2%)
Tim HOLLO (GRN): 169 (6.6%)
3
Tim BOHMIndependent
6,276
Tim HOLLO (GRN): 2,393 (38.1%)
Slade MINSON (LP): 2,140 (34.1%)
Alicia PAYNE (ALP): 1,743 (27.8%)
4
Slade MINSONLiberal
23,390
Alicia PAYNE (ALP): 13,912 (59.5%)
Tim HOLLO (GRN): 9,478 (40.5%)
Votes after every count
Canberra 2022: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Alicia PAYNEAustralian Labor Party · elected
41,435
41,533
41,766
43,509
57,421
Tim HOLLOThe Greens
22,795
22,861
23,030
25,423
34,901
Slade MINSONLiberal
20,102
20,405
21,250
23,390
–
Tim BOHMIndependent
4,772
4,977
6,276
–
–
Catherine SMITHUnited Australia Party
1,687
2,546
–
–
–
James MILESPauline Hanson's One Nation
1,531
–
–
–
–
2019 Federal election
Alicia PAYNE (Australian Labor Party) won Canberra in 2019 with 57,961 of the 86,403 votes in the final count, beating Mina ZAKI (Liberal) by 29,519 votes (67.1% to 32.9%). Payne led on first preferences with 40.5% of 86,403 formal votes and passed the 43,202-vote majority at count 4.
86,403 formal votes6 candidates4 counts29,519-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 86,403 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Greg DE MAINE (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 1,361 votes were distributed: 599 (44.0%) to Mina ZAKI; 320 (23.5%) to Tim BOHM; 221 (16.2%) to Robert John KNIGHT; 149 (10.9%) to Alicia PAYNE and 1 more.
On count 2, Robert John KNIGHT (Australian Progressives) was excluded; their 2,005 votes were distributed: 678 (33.8%) to Tim HOLLO; 624 (31.1%) to Tim BOHM; 425 (21.2%) to Alicia PAYNE; 278 (13.9%) to Mina ZAKI.
On count 3, Tim BOHM (Independent) was excluded; their 5,006 votes were distributed: 1,749 (34.9%) to Tim HOLLO; 1,699 (33.9%) to Alicia PAYNE; 1,558 (31.1%) to Mina ZAKI.
On count 4, Tim HOLLO (The Greens) was excluded; their 22,643 votes were distributed: 20,699 (91.4%) to Alicia PAYNE; 1,944 (8.6%) to Mina ZAKI.
Finally, Alicia PAYNE (Australian Labor Party) won with 57,961 votes to 28,442 for Mina ZAKI (Liberal).
Where the preferences went
Canberra 2019: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Greg DE MAINEUnited Australia Party
1,361
Mina ZAKI (LP): 599 (44.0%)
Tim BOHM (IND): 320 (23.5%)
Robert John KNIGHT (AUP): 221 (16.2%)
Alicia PAYNE (ALP): 149 (10.9%)
Tim HOLLO (GRN): 72 (5.3%)
2
Robert John KNIGHTAustralian Progressives
2,005
Tim HOLLO (GRN): 678 (33.8%)
Tim BOHM (IND): 624 (31.1%)
Alicia PAYNE (ALP): 425 (21.2%)
Mina ZAKI (LP): 278 (13.9%)
3
Tim BOHMIndependent
5,006
Tim HOLLO (GRN): 1,749 (34.9%)
Alicia PAYNE (ALP): 1,699 (33.9%)
Mina ZAKI (LP): 1,558 (31.1%)
4
Tim HOLLOThe Greens
22,643
Alicia PAYNE (ALP): 20,699 (91.4%)
Mina ZAKI (LP): 1,944 (8.6%)
Votes after every count
Canberra 2019: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Alicia PAYNEAustralian Labor Party · elected
34,989
35,138
35,563
37,262
57,961
Mina ZAKILiberal
24,063
24,662
24,940
26,498
28,442
Tim HOLLOThe Greens
20,144
20,216
20,894
22,643
–
Tim BOHMIndependent
4,062
4,382
5,006
–
–
Robert John KNIGHTAustralian Progressives
1,784
2,005
–
–
–
Greg DE MAINEUnited Australia Party
1,361
–
–
–
–
About this page
Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
