Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
Louise MILLER-FROST (Australian Labor Party) won Boothby in 2025 with 71,698 of the 117,339 votes in the final count, beating Nicolle FLINT (Liberal) by 26,057 votes (61.1% to 38.9%). Miller-Frost led on first preferences with 42.6% of 117,339 formal votes and passed the 58,670-vote majority at count 4.
117,339 formal votes6 candidates4 counts26,057-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 117,339 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Samuel PRIOR (Family First) was excluded; their 2,351 votes were distributed: 715 (30.4%) to Tonya SCOTT; 605 (25.7%) to Nicolle FLINT; 450 (19.1%) to Nicole HUSSEY; 292 (12.4%) to Louise MILLER-FROST and 1 more.
On count 2, Nicole HUSSEY (Trumpet of Patriots) was excluded; their 3,700 votes were distributed: 2,309 (62.4%) to Tonya SCOTT; 662 (17.9%) to Nicolle FLINT; 382 (10.3%) to Louise MILLER-FROST; 347 (9.4%) to Joanna WELLS.
On count 3, Tonya SCOTT (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 6,584 votes were distributed: 3,628 (55.1%) to Nicolle FLINT; 1,565 (23.8%) to Louise MILLER-FROST; 1,391 (21.1%) to Joanna WELLS.
On count 4, Joanna WELLS (The Greens) was excluded; their 22,073 votes were distributed: 19,444 (88.1%) to Louise MILLER-FROST; 2,629 (11.9%) to Nicolle FLINT.
Finally, Louise MILLER-FROST (Australian Labor Party) won with 71,698 votes to 45,641 for Nicolle FLINT (Liberal).
Where the preferences went
Boothby 2025: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Samuel PRIORFamily First
2,351
Tonya SCOTT (ON): 715 (30.4%)
Nicolle FLINT (LP): 605 (25.7%)
Nicole HUSSEY (CYA): 450 (19.1%)
Louise MILLER-FROST (ALP): 292 (12.4%)
Joanna WELLS (GRN): 289 (12.3%)
2
Nicole HUSSEYTrumpet of Patriots
3,700
Tonya SCOTT (ON): 2,309 (62.4%)
Nicolle FLINT (LP): 662 (17.9%)
Louise MILLER-FROST (ALP): 382 (10.3%)
Joanna WELLS (GRN): 347 (9.4%)
3
Tonya SCOTTPauline Hanson's One Nation
6,584
Nicolle FLINT (LP): 3,628 (55.1%)
Louise MILLER-FROST (ALP): 1,565 (23.8%)
Joanna WELLS (GRN): 1,391 (21.1%)
4
Joanna WELLSThe Greens
22,073
Louise MILLER-FROST (ALP): 19,444 (88.1%)
Nicolle FLINT (LP): 2,629 (11.9%)
Votes after every count
Boothby 2025: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Louise MILLER-FROSTAustralian Labor Party · elected
50,015
50,307
50,689
52,254
71,698
Nicolle FLINTLiberal
38,117
38,722
39,384
43,012
45,641
Joanna WELLSThe Greens
20,046
20,335
20,682
22,073
–
Tonya SCOTTPauline Hanson's One Nation
3,560
4,275
6,584
–
–
Nicole HUSSEYTrumpet of Patriots
3,250
3,700
–
–
–
Samuel PRIORFamily First
2,351
–
–
–
–
2022 Federal election
Louise MILLER-FROST (Australian Labor Party) won Boothby in 2022 with 60,579 of the 113,707 votes in the final count, beating Rachel SWIFT (Liberal) by 7,451 votes (53.3% to 46.7%). Miller-Frost came from behind: Swift led on first preferences (38.0% to 32.3%) but preferences from excluded candidates put Miller-Frost ahead at count 8.
113,707 formal votes10 candidates8 counts7,451-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 113,707 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Peter HARRIS (Australian Federation Party) was excluded; their 543 votes were distributed: 122 (22.5%) to Graeme CLARK; 108 (19.9%) to Aleksandra NIKOLIC; 104 (19.2%) to Bob COUCH; 58 (10.7%) to Paul BUSUTTIL and 5 more.
On count 2, Paul BUSUTTIL (Independent) was excluded; their 1,106 votes were distributed: 313 (28.3%) to Jo DYER; 231 (20.9%) to Aleksandra NIKOLIC; 156 (14.1%) to Bob COUCH; 116 (10.5%) to Graeme CLARK and 4 more.
On count 3, Frankie BRAY (Animal Justice Party) was excluded; their 1,444 votes were distributed: 586 (40.6%) to Jeremy CARTER; 247 (17.1%) to Louise MILLER-FROST; 245 (17.0%) to Jo DYER; 148 (10.2%) to Rachel SWIFT and 3 more.
On count 4, Aleksandra NIKOLIC (Liberal Democrats) was excluded; their 1,641 votes were distributed: 533 (32.5%) to Rachel SWIFT; 382 (23.3%) to Bob COUCH; 312 (19.0%) to Graeme CLARK; 198 (12.1%) to Jeremy CARTER and 2 more.
On count 5, Bob COUCH (Pauline Hanson's One Nation) was excluded; their 3,052 votes were distributed: 1,671 (54.8%) to Graeme CLARK; 539 (17.7%) to Jo DYER; 417 (13.7%) to Rachel SWIFT; 244 (8.0%) to Louise MILLER-FROST and 1 more.
On count 6, Graeme CLARK (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 4,817 votes were distributed: 1,943 (40.3%) to Jo DYER; 1,735 (36.0%) to Rachel SWIFT; 736 (15.3%) to Jeremy CARTER; 403 (8.4%) to Louise MILLER-FROST.
On count 7, Jo DYER (Independent) was excluded; their 10,638 votes were distributed: 5,448 (51.2%) to Jeremy CARTER; 3,017 (28.4%) to Louise MILLER-FROST; 2,173 (20.4%) to Rachel SWIFT.
On count 8, Jeremy CARTER (The Greens) was excluded; their 24,569 votes were distributed: 19,779 (80.5%) to Louise MILLER-FROST; 4,790 (19.5%) to Rachel SWIFT.
Finally, Louise MILLER-FROST (Australian Labor Party) won with 60,579 votes to 53,128 for Rachel SWIFT (Liberal).
Where the preferences went
Boothby 2022: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Peter HARRISAustralian Federation Party
543
Graeme CLARK (UAPP): 122 (22.5%)
Aleksandra NIKOLIC (LDP): 108 (19.9%)
Bob COUCH (ON): 104 (19.2%)
Paul BUSUTTIL (IND): 58 (10.7%)
Rachel SWIFT (LP): 51 (9.4%)
Jeremy CARTER (GRN): 41 (7.6%)
Jo DYER (IND): 22 (4.1%)
Louise MILLER-FROST (ALP): 20 (3.7%)
Frankie BRAY (AJP): 17 (3.1%)
2
Paul BUSUTTILIndependent
1,106
Jo DYER (IND): 313 (28.3%)
Aleksandra NIKOLIC (LDP): 231 (20.9%)
Bob COUCH (ON): 156 (14.1%)
Graeme CLARK (UAPP): 116 (10.5%)
Jeremy CARTER (GRN): 94 (8.5%)
Rachel SWIFT (LP): 85 (7.7%)
Frankie BRAY (AJP): 69 (6.2%)
Louise MILLER-FROST (ALP): 42 (3.8%)
3
Frankie BRAYAnimal Justice Party
1,444
Jeremy CARTER (GRN): 586 (40.6%)
Louise MILLER-FROST (ALP): 247 (17.1%)
Jo DYER (IND): 245 (17.0%)
Rachel SWIFT (LP): 148 (10.2%)
Bob COUCH (ON): 90 (6.2%)
Graeme CLARK (UAPP): 76 (5.3%)
Aleksandra NIKOLIC (LDP): 52 (3.6%)
4
Aleksandra NIKOLICLiberal Democrats
1,641
Rachel SWIFT (LP): 533 (32.5%)
Bob COUCH (ON): 382 (23.3%)
Graeme CLARK (UAPP): 312 (19.0%)
Jeremy CARTER (GRN): 198 (12.1%)
Jo DYER (IND): 135 (8.2%)
Louise MILLER-FROST (ALP): 81 (4.9%)
5
Bob COUCHPauline Hanson's One Nation
3,052
Graeme CLARK (UAPP): 1,671 (54.8%)
Jo DYER (IND): 539 (17.7%)
Rachel SWIFT (LP): 417 (13.7%)
Louise MILLER-FROST (ALP): 244 (8.0%)
Jeremy CARTER (GRN): 181 (5.9%)
6
Graeme CLARKUnited Australia Party
4,817
Jo DYER (IND): 1,943 (40.3%)
Rachel SWIFT (LP): 1,735 (36.0%)
Jeremy CARTER (GRN): 736 (15.3%)
Louise MILLER-FROST (ALP): 403 (8.4%)
7
Jo DYERIndependent
10,638
Jeremy CARTER (GRN): 5,448 (51.2%)
Louise MILLER-FROST (ALP): 3,017 (28.4%)
Rachel SWIFT (LP): 2,173 (20.4%)
8
Jeremy CARTERThe Greens
24,569
Louise MILLER-FROST (ALP): 19,779 (80.5%)
Rachel SWIFT (LP): 4,790 (19.5%)
Votes after every count
Boothby 2022: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Count 7
Count 8
Rachel SWIFTLiberal
43,196
43,247
43,332
43,480
44,013
44,430
46,165
48,338
53,128
Louise MILLER-FROSTAustralian Labor Party · elected
36,746
36,766
36,808
37,055
37,136
37,380
37,783
40,800
60,579
Jeremy CARTERThe Greens
17,285
17,326
17,420
18,006
18,204
18,385
19,121
24,569
–
Jo DYERIndependent
7,441
7,463
7,776
8,021
8,156
8,695
10,638
–
–
Graeme CLARKUnited Australia Party
2,520
2,642
2,758
2,834
3,146
4,817
–
–
–
Bob COUCHPauline Hanson's One Nation
2,320
2,424
2,580
2,670
3,052
–
–
–
–
Frankie BRAYAnimal Justice Party
1,358
1,375
1,444
–
–
–
–
–
–
Aleksandra NIKOLICLiberal Democrats
1,250
1,358
1,589
1,641
–
–
–
–
–
Paul BUSUTTILIndependent
1,048
1,106
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Peter HARRISAustralian Federation Party
543
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2019 Federal election
Nicolle FLINT (Liberal) won Boothby in 2019 with 56,812 of the 110,577 votes in the final count, beating Nadia CLANCY (Australian Labor Party) by 3,047 votes (51.4% to 48.6%). Flint led on first preferences with 45.2% of 110,577 formal votes and passed the 55,289-vote majority at count 6.
110,577 formal votes8 candidates6 counts3,047-vote final margin
Each column is a count. Bar height = votes held; the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes flow to the others. Hover or tap a candidate to highlight their flows.
What happened, count by count
Initially 110,577 first-preference votes were counted. The candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes pass to the voters' next preference, and so on until two remain.
On count 1, Carol WONG (Rise Up Australia Party) was excluded; their 603 votes were distributed: 151 (25.0%) to Nicolle FLINT; 104 (17.2%) to Nadia CLANCY; 82 (13.6%) to Adrian David CHEOK; 79 (13.1%) to Stef ROZITIS and 3 more.
On count 2, Adrian David CHEOK (FRASER ANNING'S CONSERVATIVE NATIONAL PARTY) was excluded; their 950 votes were distributed: 302 (31.8%) to Nicolle FLINT; 292 (30.7%) to Peter SALERNO; 126 (13.3%) to Geoff RUSSELL; 113 (11.9%) to Trevor JONES and 2 more.
On count 3, Peter SALERNO (United Australia Party) was excluded; their 2,448 votes were distributed: 1,039 (42.4%) to Nicolle FLINT; 653 (26.7%) to Trevor JONES; 291 (11.9%) to Nadia CLANCY; 256 (10.5%) to Geoff RUSSELL and 1 more.
On count 4, Geoff RUSSELL (Animal Justice Party) was excluded; their 3,122 votes were distributed: 1,693 (54.2%) to Stef ROZITIS; 582 (18.6%) to Trevor JONES; 462 (14.8%) to Nadia CLANCY; 385 (12.3%) to Nicolle FLINT.
On count 5, Trevor JONES (Independent) was excluded; their 4,251 votes were distributed: 1,699 (40.0%) to Stef ROZITIS; 1,277 (30.0%) to Nicolle FLINT; 1,275 (30.0%) to Nadia CLANCY.
On count 6, Stef ROZITIS (The Greens) was excluded; their 16,974 votes were distributed: 13,289 (78.3%) to Nadia CLANCY; 3,685 (21.7%) to Nicolle FLINT.
Finally, Nicolle FLINT (Liberal) won with 56,812 votes to 53,765 for Nadia CLANCY (Australian Labor Party).
Where the preferences went
Boothby 2019: where each excluded candidate’s votes went
Count
Excluded
Votes distributed
Passed to
1
Carol WONGRise Up Australia Party
603
Nicolle FLINT (LP): 151 (25.0%)
Nadia CLANCY (ALP): 104 (17.2%)
Adrian David CHEOK (FACN): 82 (13.6%)
Stef ROZITIS (GRN): 79 (13.1%)
Geoff RUSSELL (AJP): 65 (10.8%)
Peter SALERNO (UAPP): 62 (10.3%)
Trevor JONES (IND): 60 (10.0%)
2
Adrian David CHEOKFRASER ANNING'S CONSERVATIVE NATIONAL PARTY
950
Nicolle FLINT (LP): 302 (31.8%)
Peter SALERNO (UAPP): 292 (30.7%)
Geoff RUSSELL (AJP): 126 (13.3%)
Trevor JONES (IND): 113 (11.9%)
Stef ROZITIS (GRN): 70 (7.4%)
Nadia CLANCY (ALP): 47 (4.9%)
3
Peter SALERNOUnited Australia Party
2,448
Nicolle FLINT (LP): 1,039 (42.4%)
Trevor JONES (IND): 653 (26.7%)
Nadia CLANCY (ALP): 291 (11.9%)
Geoff RUSSELL (AJP): 256 (10.5%)
Stef ROZITIS (GRN): 209 (8.5%)
4
Geoff RUSSELLAnimal Justice Party
3,122
Stef ROZITIS (GRN): 1,693 (54.2%)
Trevor JONES (IND): 582 (18.6%)
Nadia CLANCY (ALP): 462 (14.8%)
Nicolle FLINT (LP): 385 (12.3%)
5
Trevor JONESIndependent
4,251
Stef ROZITIS (GRN): 1,699 (40.0%)
Nicolle FLINT (LP): 1,277 (30.0%)
Nadia CLANCY (ALP): 1,275 (30.0%)
6
Stef ROZITISThe Greens
16,974
Nadia CLANCY (ALP): 13,289 (78.3%)
Nicolle FLINT (LP): 3,685 (21.7%)
Votes after every count
Boothby 2019: votes held by each candidate after every count (– = excluded)
Candidate
First prefs
Count 1
Count 2
Count 3
Count 4
Count 5
Count 6
Nicolle FLINTLiberal · elected
49,973
50,124
50,426
51,465
51,850
53,127
56,812
Nadia CLANCYAustralian Labor Party
38,297
38,401
38,448
38,739
39,201
40,476
53,765
Stef ROZITISThe Greens
13,224
13,303
13,373
13,582
15,275
16,974
–
Trevor JONESIndependent
2,843
2,903
3,016
3,669
4,251
–
–
Geoff RUSSELLAnimal Justice Party
2,675
2,740
2,866
3,122
–
–
–
Peter SALERNOUnited Australia Party
2,094
2,156
2,448
–
–
–
–
Adrian David CHEOKFRASER ANNING'S CONSERVATIVE NATIONAL PARTY
868
950
–
–
–
–
–
Carol WONGRise Up Australia Party
603
–
–
–
–
–
–
About this page
Australian House of Representatives elections use full-preferential voting: voters number every box. If no candidate has more than half the first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest is excluded and their ballots pass to each voter’s next preference, repeating until someone has more than half. Practical lesson: rank the candidate you most want to win first and the one you most want to lose last.
